城市“屋顶花园”对城市气候影响方法研究

:随着社会经济的迅猛发展 ,我国城市数量不断增多 ,城市规模不断扩大 ,随之带来的是城市环境不断恶化。如何改变这种状况 ,使城市规模和环境协调发展 ,是摆在科技工作者面前的紧迫任务。理论分析和实际观测资料表明 ,城市平顶屋面绿化是改善城市气候的最有效的途径之一 ,它对由于城市而产生的“五岛”效应均有不同程度的消弱或改善作用。通过关于城市屋面绿化对城市气候影响过程的分析 ,阐明了城市屋面绿化对城市气候影响的特征 ,并从理论上着重提出用移植法和数值模拟法来研究其影响的程度 ,最后提出了理想城市环境应具有的特征 ,并呼吁城市建设部门成立专门的机构以全面负责平顶屋面的绿化     

石油烃在水面上蒸发过程的研究

原油溢流到水体后对水体造成污染。研究油污的转化规律对于污染事故评价、污染治理方面有着非常重要的意义。通过对三种不同性质的原油进行的风化和蒸发实验 ,证明三种原油低组分具有很快的蒸发速度 ,4天时间就可蒸发掉90 %以上的原油 ,同时得出了不同原油的蒸发规律。     

金川二矿区不良岩层采场巷道片帮冒顶事故树分析

金川矿区是典型的高地应力矿区。矿区构造极为发育 ,围岩稳定性极差 ,使采矿生产存在事故隐患。针对采场巷道顶板围岩或充填体的片冒事故 ,考虑人、机、环境 ,确定三种不同条件下片冒事故的影响因素 ,进行事故树分析 ,计算事故的最小割集、径集以及影响因素的重要度系数 ,为预防片冒事故提供了重要的理论依据     

唐山市工业区大气污染对小学生肺功能的影响

探讨了工业区大气污染对小学生肺功能的影响。在唐山市工业区和相对清洁区选取452名小学生为研究对象,进行肺功能的测定和问卷调查。用多元回归分析建立模型后,以实测值占预计值的百分比为统计量进行分析。调查结果显示小学生肺功能指标中MVV、V25污染区低于对照区,VC、FEV、V25、V50的异常率高于对照区,且与大气中SO2的浓度有关。     

垃圾渗滤液生物处理出水臭氧氧化的研究

对垃圾渗滤液生物处理出水进行了臭氧氧化的研究。研究表明,随着氧化时间的延长,CODCr去除率增大;在碱性条件下进行臭氧氧化。pH越高,CODCr去除效率越高。采用BOD5／CODCr来表征垃圾渗滤液的生物降解性,研究了臭氧氧化前后垃圾渗滤液生物处理出水的生物降解性变化规律,表明臭氧氧化可以提高垃圾渗滤液生物处理出水的生物降解性,但提高的幅度不大。通过色谱-质谱法（GC—MC）对臭氧氧化前后垃圾渗滤液的成分进行分析,结果表明,臭氧氧化前后废水中的主要成分没有发生变化,仍然为难降解物质;臭氧氧化使废水中的部分物质发生了结构上的变化,减少、消失和生成的物质多为可降解物质。     

Land use change simulation and spatial analysis of ecosystem service value in Shijiazhuang under multi-scenarios

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Simulating changes in the value of ecosystem services caused by land use changes in large cities under multiple scenarios is of great significance for...     

Orchid conservation in the biodiversity hotspot of southwestern China

Xishuangbanna is on the northern margins of tropical Asia in southwestern China and has the largest area of tropical forest remaining in the country. It is in the Indo‐Burma hotspot and contains 16% of China's vascular flora in <0.2% of the country's total area (19,690 km²). Rapid expansion of monoculture crops in the last 20 years, particularly rubber, threatens this region's exceptional biodiversity. To understand the effects of land‐use change and collection on orchid species diversity and determine protection priorities, we conducted systematic field surveys, observed markets, interviewed orchid collectors, and then determined the conservation status of all orchids. We identified 426 orchid species in 115 genera in Xishuangbanna: 31% of all orchid species that occur in China. Species richness was highest at 1000–1200 m elevation. Three orchid species were assessed as possibly extinct in the wild, 15 as critically endangered, 82 as endangered, 124 as vulnerable, 186 as least concern, and 16 as data deficient. Declines over 20 years in harvested species suggested over‐collection was the major threat, and utility value (i.e., medicinal or ornamental value) was significantly related to endangerment. Expansion of rubber tree plantations was less of a threat to orchids than to other taxa because only 75 orchid species (17.6%) occurred below the 1000‐m‐elevation ceiling for rubber cultivation, and most of these (46) occurred in nature reserves. However, climate change is projected to lift this ceiling to around 1300 m by 2050, and the limited area at higher elevations reduces the potential for upslope range expansion. The Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden is committed to achieving zero plant extinctions in Xishuangbanna, and orchids are a high priority. Appropriate in and ex situ conservation strategies, including new protected areas and seed banking, have been developed for every threatened orchid species and are being implemented.