选择性吸附法处理含表面活性剂和多环芳烃的土壤淋洗液研究

比较研究了H103树脂、活性炭、沸石、硅藻土和膨润土等5种吸附剂对土壤淋洗液中TX-100与PAHs的吸附性能.批实验结果表明,H103树脂、活性炭、沸石、硅藻土和膨润土吸附后,淋洗液中T-PAHs及TX-100浓度分别为0.03和0 mg·L~(-1)、0.16和3623 mg·L~(-1)、15.21和6175 mg·L~(-1)、15.98和6555 mg·L~(-1)、9.49和4332 mg·L~(-1),选择性吸附系数排序依次为活性炭膨润土沸石硅藻土H103树脂.其中,活性炭能够去除淋洗液中99%的PAHs,同时保留51.33%的TX-100回收再利用,选择吸附系数达到109.5.活性炭固定床实验中,由淋洗液溶质的穿透曲线计算出物质的吸附容量.当空隙体积为2.5-7PV时,活性炭能够去除淋洗液中72%的PAHs,同时保留81%的TX-100,平均选择吸附系数为10.08.由此可见,活性炭固定床可有效处理含表面活性剂土壤淋洗液中的多环芳烃,同时实现表面活性剂的回收再利用.     

纳米二氧化铈的潜在生态风险及毒性作用机制研究进展

作为重要的纳米稀土化合物,纳米二氧化铈(CeO2 )被广泛应用于工、农、医学等领域,随之而来的是大量的纳米CeO2 在其生产使用和处理处置等过程中被释放进入到环境中,进而导致其生物安全性受到越来越多的关注.本文从纳米CeO2 对细胞、组织器官、植物、水生生物和土壤生物产生的毒性效应入手,系统综述了纳米CeO2 的潜在环...     

钢渣预处理含铬废水及其废渣与铬渣的固化

用钢渣对含铬废水进行预处理,探讨了钢渣粒度、用量、废水pH值和添加硫酸亚铁还原剂的影响.结果表明,经硫酸亚铁还原处理后再用钢渣处理比单纯用钢渣处理的效果明显提高,采用钢渣/总铬质量比为40的100目钢渣处理经硫酸亚铁还原后的含铬废水,总铬和Cr6 去除率分别达79%和84%,采用钢渣柱进行的两级淋滤实验进一步表明该方法可作为工业上含铬废水处理的预处理段.处理后的废钢渣同工业铬渣一起进行水泥固化,标准养护20 d后固化体表面Cr6 浸出率、破碎至5 mm粒径以下和酸雨淋溶下的浸出液Cr6 浓度均符合安全标准,可作为普通建材或进行填埋处置.     

铝件表面处理废水治理所得化学污泥的再生利用研究

对混凝法处理铝件表面处理废水治理所得化学污泥再生利用进行了研究,得到了适宜的操作条件.结果表明,用浓硫酸溶解污泥的最佳用量为0.14～0.16 mL/g湿污泥,湿污泥的溶解率可达90%,铝的溶出率也可达95%以上.把污泥的溶解液作混凝剂回用于印染废水的混凝处理也取得了良好的效果,其COD去除率≥80%,脱色率≥90%.实现了资源的二次利用,改善了作业环境,获得了较好的经济效益和社会效益.     

大型海藻与赤潮微藻以及赤潮微藻之间的相互作用研究

研究了2种大型海藻石莼(Ulva pertusa)和江蓠(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)对2种赤潮微藻:东海原甲藻(Prorocentrumdonghaiense)和塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandum tamarense)生长的影响以及2种微藻之间的相互作用,结果发现:①在大藻(石莼或江蓠)-微藻(东海原甲藻或塔玛亚历山大藻)的共培养体系中,石莼和江蓠均能明显影响与其共培养的微藻的生长,石莼对微藻生长的影响强于江蓠的作用.②在东海原甲藻-塔玛亚历山大藻的双藻培养体系中,东海原甲藻的生长受到明显的抑制作用,最终被完全灭杀;体系中塔玛亚历山大藻的生长未受到明显的影响.另外,塔玛亚历山大藻的培养液滤液能明显抑制东海原甲藻的生长,但东海原甲藻滤液对塔玛亚历山大藻的生长几乎没有影响.实验室条件下模拟二者相互作用的结果显示,塔玛亚历山大藻对东海原甲藻的抑制作用是其被后者抑制作用的17倍左右.③在大藻(石莼或江蓠)-东海原甲藻-塔玛亚历山大藻的多藻培养体系中,东海原甲藻和塔玛亚历山大藻的生长变化与它们在共培养体系中的变化非常类似.半数致死时间(LT50)法的检测结果显示:多藻培养体系对东海原甲藻的联合作用是协同作用,而对塔玛亚历山大藻的作用是相加作用.     

Analysis of metabolic changes in Trichoderma asperellum TJ01 at different fermentation time-points by LC-QQQ-MS

Trichoderma spp. are among the most widely recognized biocontrol fungi used to inhibit pathogens and promote plant growth. These functions are related to primary and secondary metabolites. This study investigated the different metabolites in Trichoderma asperellum TJ01 cultured for 24 and 72?h using liquid chromatography with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Compared to the 24?h culture of T. asperellum TJ01, the 72?h culture with amino acid metabolism tended to decrease while sugar and lipid metabolisms tended to increase. Furthermore, the 72?h culture had a higher proportion of upregulated flavonoids, in combination with a higher proportion of downregulated alkaloids, and equal proportions of upregulated and downregulated polyphenols and hormones. This study also identified a few valuable medicinal substances such as trigonelline and 5-hydroxytryptophan in T. asperellum TJ01 fermentation cultures.     

Temporal and Spatial Variations of Phytoplankton Community Structure in Lake Erhai,a Chinese Plateau Lake,with Reference to Environmental Factors

Russian Journal of Ecology - Temporal and spatial variations of phytoplankton community in Lake Erhai were investigated from May 2010 to April 2011. A total of 124 species belonging to 8 phyla and...     

Occurrence of 222Rn, 226Ra, 228Ra and U in groundwater in Fujian Province, China

222Rn, 226Ra, 228Ra and U were determined in a total of 552 groundwater samples collected throughout Fujian Province of China. The geometric mean concentrations of 222Rn, 226Ra, 228Ra and total U in the groundwater were 147.8 kBq m-3, 12.7 Bq m-3, 30.2 Bq m-3 and 0.54 microgram kg-1, respectively. High groundwater 222Rn was explained by the predominantly granitic rock aquifers in Fujian. A lifetime risk of 1.7 x 10(-3) was estimated for the ingestion of groundwater 222Rn. High ratios of 228Ra to 226Ra contents (geometric mean of 2.4) and their disproportion suggest that 228Ra should also be measured in the assessment of population doses from drinking water in the regions of high rock or soil 232Th. No significant correlation between the 222Rn concentrations in groundwater and air was found.     

Effect of alginate on the aggregation kinetics of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs): bridging interaction and hetero-aggregation induced by Ca<Superscript>2+</Superscript>

The stability of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) is expected to play a key role in the environmental risk assessment of nanotoxicity in aquatic systems. In this study, the effect of alginate (model polysaccharides) on the stability of CuO NPs in various environmentally relevant ionic strength conditions was investigated by using time-resolved dynamic light scattering. Significant aggregation of CuO NPs was observed in the presence of both monovalent and divalent cations. The critical coagulation concentrations (CCC) were 54.5 and 2.9 mM for NaNO₃ and Ca(NO₃)₂, respectively. The presence of alginate slowed nano-CuO aggregation rates over the entire NaNO₃ concentration range due to the combined electrostatic and steric effect. High concentrations of Ca²⁺ (>6 mM) resulted in stronger adsorption of alginate onto CuO NPs; however, enhanced aggregation of CuO NPs occurred simultaneously under the same conditions. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that the bridging interaction of alginate with Ca²⁺ might be an important mechanism for the enhanced aggregation. Furthermore, significant coagulation of the alginate molecules was observed in solutions of high Ca²⁺ concentrations, indicating a hetero-aggregation mechanism between the alginate-covered CuO NPs and the unabsorbed alginate. These results suggested a different aggregation mechanism of NPs might co-exist in aqueous systems enriched with natural organic matter, which should be taken into consideration in future studies.

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Graphical abstract Hetero-aggregation mechanism of CuO nanoparticles and alginate under high concentration of Ca²⁺

     

Opportunities and challenges for mangrove carbon sequestration in the Mekong River Delta in Vietnam

Increasing value is attributed to mangroves due to their considerable capacity to sequester carbon, known as ‘blue carbon’. Assessments of opportunities and challenges associated with estimating the significance of carbon sequestered by mangroves need to consider a range of disciplinary perspectives, including the bio-physical science mangroves, social and economic issues of land use, local and international law, and the role of public and private finance. We undertook an interdisciplinary review based on available literature and fieldwork focused on parts of the Mekong River Delta (MRD). Preliminary estimates indicate mangrove biomass may be 70–150 t ha^?1, but considerably larger storage of carbon occurs in sediments beneath mangroves. These natural stores of carbon are compromised when mangroves are removed to accommodate anthropogenic activities. Mangroves are an important resource in the MRD that supplies multiple goods and services, and conservation or re-establishment of mangroves provides many benefits. International law and within-country environmental frameworks offer increasing scope to recognize the role that mangrove forests play through carbon sequestration, in order that these might lead to funding opportunities, both in public and private sectors. Such schemes need to have positive rather than negative impacts on the livelihoods of the many people living within and adjacent to these wetlands. Nevertheless, many challenges remain and it will require further targeted and coordinated scientific research, development of economic and social incentives to protect and restore mangroves, supportive law and policy mechanisms at global and national levels, and establishment of long-term financing for such endeavours.