Risk-taking and environmental perception

This paper investigates the relationship between pupils' environmental perception (in terms of preservation and utilisation of nature) and personality (in terms of risk-taking). 713 secondary school pupils in Switzerland were investigated. Environmental perception was assessed via three factors: Preservation, Utilisation of Nature and Consideration for Conservation. Risk-taking was evaluated via six factors: Positive Risking, Ambivalence, Thrill in Gambling, Ineffective Control, Effective Control, and Anger Reaction. Analysis of the correlation matrix between Risk-taking and Environmental perception revealed three profiles (types): the high scorer on Preservation is the controlled and cautious gambler. The Utiliser (anthropocentric) profile is essentially a mirror image of the first: the Utiliser does not enjoy unpredictable risks, reacts with anger when risks fail and has little control over his/her own risk-taking behaviour. The Consideration for Conservation (ecocentric) profile assumes a position between these two profiles.     

Exposure measurement, risk assessment and source identification for exposure of traffic assistants to particle-bound PAHs in Tianjin, China

To investigate the levels of exposure to particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) and to estimate the risk these levels pose to traffic assistants(TAs) in Tianjin(a megacity in North China), a measurement campaign(33 all-day exposure samples, 25 occupational-exposure samples and 10 indoor samples) was conducted to characterize the TAs' exposure to PAHs, assess the cancer risk and identify the potential sources of exposure. The average total exposure concentration of 14 PAHs was approximately 2871 ± 928 ng/m3(on-duty), and 1622 ± 457 ng/m3(all-day). The indoor PAHs level was 1257 ± 107 ng/m3. After 8000 Monte Carlo simulations, the cancer risk resulting from exposure to PAHs was found to be approximately 1.05 × 10-4. A multivariate analysis was applied to identify the potential sources, and the results showed that, in addition to vehicle exhaust, coal combustion and cooking fumes were also another two important contributors to personal PAH exposure. The diagnostic ratios of PAH compounds agree with the source apportionment results derived from principal component analysis.     

磷钨酸光催化六氟苯脱氟的研究

选择六氟苯作为目标化合物,利用266 nm脉冲激光照射磷钨酸与六氟苯的混合溶液证实了光催化转化六氟苯的可行性.结果表明,氟离子生成率与光照时间、pH值、磷钨酸初始投加量和添加物的量有关.氟离子生成率随激光脉冲次数的增加而升高.在溶液pH=1.0的条件下,氟离子生成率最高.2.0×10^-4mol/L的六氟苯与5.0×10^-6mol/L的磷钨酸的混合溶液在接受脉冲激光后,氟离子生成率可达208.1%.外加的氧化剂O₂、KMnO₄、K₂S₂O₈可以有效氧化还原态的磷钨酸,实现整个光催化循环.溶液中存在的醇类及芳香族有机化合物不利于磷钨酸光催化转化六氟苯.     

济南大气臭氧浓度变化规律

利用近2a济南市区近地面大气O₃浓度的观测数据,分析了O₃浓度的分布特征及时间变化规律.结果表明,济南市区O₃浓度以1a为周期呈明显的波动变化特征,城市光化学污染较重;1d当中O₃浓度呈明显的单峰型变化,一般在午后达到最高值,而日出时分出现最低值;春季和夏季O₃浓度高于秋季和冬季,而夏季和秋季O₃浓度的日内变化幅度明显高于春季和冬季;受人们活动规律的影响,周末O₃浓度的日内变化规律与平日有所不同.     

新能源汽车的环保效益与环保管理对策分析研究

文章分析了目前进入产业化发展阶段的混合动力汽车、纯电动汽车及燃气汽车（包括压缩天然气汽车、液化天然气汽车和液化石油气汽车）的环保效益及主要环保问题,对混合动力和燃气汽车还分为轻型车和重型车进行分析,表明新能源汽车具有很好的环保效益,特别是轻型混合动力汽车的尾气排放水平已经取得对传统汽油轻型车的整体领先优势,燃气汽车的有毒有害物质排放远低于传统汽车。应在公共交通和个人交通领域大力推广新能源汽车并加强新能源汽车的环保监管。     

以营口某经济区为例基于GIS技术分析土地生态适宜度研究

土地开发生态适宜度分析是区域土地利用规划的重要基础,本研究利用GIS技术,以营口某经济区为研究对象,将土地利用生态适宜度评价应用到开发区规划的环境影响评价中,在现状调查的基础上,利用了开发区生态适宜度评价指标体系的不同因子开展了评价,并借助GIS技术将数值计算和图形叠置有机结合,为开发区的合理规划提供决策依据。     

同步硝化反硝化的研究与机理分析

在SBR反应器中对深圳市下坪垃圾填埋场渗滤液进行了同步硝化反硝化研究 ,从理论上解释了同步硝化反硝化的原理 ,分析了COD、NH3—N对同步硝化反硝化所产生的影响 ,指出了有待进一步探讨和研究的问题。     

Greenhouse gas emissions during cattle feedlot manure composting

The emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) during feedlot manure composting reduces the agronomic value of the final compost and increases the greenhouse effect. A study was conducted to determine whether GHG emissions are affected by composting method. Feedlot cattle manure was composted with two aeration methods--passive (no turning) and active (turned six times). Carbon lost in the forms of CO2 and CH4 was 73.8 and 6.3 kg C Mg-1 manure for the passive aeration treatment and 168.0 and 8.1 kg C Mg-1 manure for the active treatment. The N loss in the form of N2O was 0.11 and 0.19 kg N Mg-1 manure for the passive and active treatments. Fuel consumption to turn and maintain the windrow added a further 4.4 kg C Mg-1 manure for the active aeration treatment. Since CH4 and N2O are 21 and 310 times more harmful than CO2 in their global warming effect, the total GHG emission expressed as CO2-C equivalent was 240.2 and 401.4 kg C Mg-1 manure for passive and active aeration. The lower emission associated with the passive treatment was mainly due to the incomplete decomposition of manure and a lower gas diffusion rate. In addition, turning affected N transformation and transport in the window profile, which contributed to higher N2O emissions for the active aeration treatment. Gas diffusion is an important factor controlling GHG emissions. Higher GHG concentrations in compost windrows do not necessarily mean higher production or emission rates.     

降雨诱发公路滑坡灾害危险性评价动态权重系统

本文通过深入分析影响降雨诱发公路滑坡灾害危险性的因素,构建了考虑不同降雨强度的动态评价指标体系,并用改进的层次分析法测算各分项指标的权重,最终以童家湾滑坡为例对动态权重系统应用于危险性评价的效果进行了检验。研究结果显示,随降雨工况的变化,表征各因素对评价系统影响程度的权重系统呈动态非线性变化趋势,由此导致滑坡危险性相对...     

光催化剂TiO_2改性技术的研究进展

根据近年来TiO2 光催化技术的研究成果 ,对如何提高TiO2 光催化活性的途径作了综述。