生物过滤技术在大气污染控制中的应用

生物过滤是控制大气污染的经济有效技术,具有较好的发展前景。本文介绍了生物过滤技术处理废气的研究,应用历史,现状,和生物过滤理论,分析了工艺的使用范围,设计及运行控制要点,列举了应用的范例。     

沉积方向对珊瑚砂动剪切模量及阻尼比的影响∗

复杂地质赋存环境下珊瑚砂具有显著的各向异性特征,颗粒的沉积方向显著影响其动力特性。对南沙岛礁珊瑚砂开展均等固结的共振柱试验,探究了珊瑚砂颗粒的沉积方向角 φ（沉积面与水平面的夹角）和初始有效固结围压对其动剪切模量 G 和阻尼比 λ 的影响。在给定 φ 下,G 随剪应变幅值 γ_a增大而减小的速率随 的增大而增加;给定 下,G 随 γ_a增大而减小的速率随 φ 增大呈现先减后增的趋势,φ = 60°时 G—γ_a曲线位于最下方。最大动剪切模量 G₀随 φ 的增大表现出先减后增的现象,且 φ 对 G₀的影响随 的增大而降低。建立了考虑 φ 和 影响的修正 Hardin 模型,预测和量测的 G₀值偏差小于 10%。动剪切模量比 G/G₀—γ_a曲线对 φ 不敏感,结合修正 Hardin 模型和 Davidenkov 骨架曲线预测和量测的 G 值偏差小于 15%。在陈国兴等（2006）提出的阻尼比经验模型中引入 φ 影响的修正项,预测和量测的 λ 值偏差小于 20%。     

玉米中四种镰刀菌毒素系统检测方法的研究

本文用气相色谱仪同步检测霉变玉米中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、二乙酰氧基镳草镰刀菌烯醇、Ｔ－２毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮四种镰刀菌毒素,并筛选出较理想的衍生化试剂和衍生化条件。确定从玉米中对极性不同的四种毒素都有较高回收率的萃取、净化程序。建立了玉米中四种毒素的系统检测方法。本方法对四种毒素的回收率均达到８０％以上。     

活性碳纤维吸附废气中的丙烯酸和甲苯

采用动态吸附法探讨了在活性碳纤维对模拟废气中丙烯酸和甲苯的吸附过程中,各因素对活性碳纤维穿透吸附量和饱和吸附量的影响。实验结果表明,在模拟废气中丙烯酸质量分数为0.2%、双柱塞泵流量为6.1mL/h、载气流量为1.60L/min的条件下,穿透时间为10min,活性碳纤维的穿透吸附量为227.5mg/g,饱和吸附时间为40min,活性碳纤维的饱和吸附量为460.0m g/g。     

水合肼生产盐渣中氮化合物的去除

将水合肼生产盐渣分离碳酸钠后,通过吹脱、氧化等工艺降低饱和盐溶液的氮含量(以氨质量浓度计),以达到电解法制备氢氧化钠工艺对原料氯化钠的使用要求。中试试验结果表明:氧化反应最佳工艺条件为以次氯酸钠为氧化剂,次氯酸钠溶液中氢氧化钠质量浓度9.2g/L,次氯酸钠与初始氨的质量比为13,溶液pH 7～8,反应温度30～35℃;在此条件下氧化处理饱和盐溶液,处理后氨质量浓度由350.0 mg/L降至2.1 mg/L。将处理后的饱和盐溶液用于电解法制备氢氧化钠的生产过程,不仅可创造一定的经济效益,而且还解决了水合肼生产中的环境污染问题。     

Enhanced NOx removal from flue gas by an integrated process of chemical absorption coupled with two-stage biological reduction using immobilized microorganisms

An integrated process of metal chelate absorption coupled with two stage bio-reduction using immobilized cultures has been proposed to continuously removal of NO_x, and the effects of SO₂, NO and O₂ concentration, gas/liquid flow rate on NO_x removal efficiency were investigated. Although nitrogen-containing components, such as Fe(II)EDTA-NO, NO₂^? and NO₃^? in the scrubbing solution, inhibited the bio-reduction of Fe(III)EDTA obviously, it was feasible to abate the inhibition effect by using the two stage bio-reduction system, and thus to improve NO_x removal efficiency. The removal efficiency decreased slowly with the increase of SO₂, O₂, NO concentration and gas flow rate, and increased with the increase of liquid flow rate. Continuously operating for 18 days, a high removal efficiency around 95% was reached by using the two-stage bio-reduction system with immobilized microorganisms, while the value decreased to 85% after 5 days of operation by using the suspended microorganisms, at a constant gas flow rate of 60 L/h containing 424–450 mg/m³ NO, 2428–2532 mg/m³ SO₂ and 3% O₂.     

"三大定律"警示基层安全管理工作

近两年来,频繁发生的"12·23重庆井喷"、"4·15重庆天原化工厂氯气泄漏"、"吉化11·13苯泄露事件"等等安全事故,让人触目惊心.从这些事故原因中,我们不难看到钻井作业卸掉"防喷阀"、危险化学品车辆押运员"逃逸"、化工厂职工现场"处置不当"等不安全状态(侥幸心理和麻痹大意思想)是导致这些事故发生的直接原因.我们安全管理人员在分析以上事故原因,吸取惨痛教训的同时,不能忽视事故发生的规律,并且应注重"安全管理三大定律"对基层安全管理和安全培训教育工作的启示.     

中国个体防护装备产业是职业安全健康事业的一个重要支柱

1.个体防护装备对职业安全健康的重要作用 （1）个体防护装备是保护人体不受外来物理、化学、生物等有害因素伤害，保持生命安全、身体健康的装备。个体防护装备按照不同职业的防护需要，分为工农业生产劳动防护装备、卫生防护装备、科学考察试验研究防护装备、军人防护装备、警员防护装备、抢险救援救助防护装备、日常工作和生活用防护装备等。     

Total nitrogen and community turnover determine phosphorus use efficiency of phytoplankton along nutrient gradients in plateau lakes

Numerous studies support that biodiversity predict most to ecosystem functioning, but whether other factors display a more significant direct impact on ecosystem functioning than biodiversity remains to be studied. We investigated 398 samples of the phytoplankton phosphorus resource use efficiency (RUE_P = chlorophyll-a concentration/dissolved phosphate) across two seasons in nine plateau lakes in Yunnan Province, China. We identified the main contributors to phytoplankton RUE_P and analyzed their potential influences on RUE_P at different lake trophic states. The results showed that total nitrogen (TN) contributed the most to RUE_P among the nine lakes, whereas community turnover (measured as community dissimilarity) explained the most to RUE_P variation across the two seasons. Moreover, TN also influenced RUE_P by affecting biodiversity. Species richness (SR), functional attribute diversity (FAD2), and dendrogram-based functional diversity (FDc) were positively correlated with RUE_P in both seasons, while evenness was negatively correlated with RUE_P at the end of the rainy season. We also found that the effects of biodiversity and turnover on RUE_P depended on the lake trophic states. SR and FAD2 were positively correlated with RUE_P in all three trophic states. Evenness showed a negative correlation with RUE_P at the eutrophic and oligotrophic levels, but a positive correlation at the mesotrophic level. Turnover had a negative influence on RUE_P at the eutrophic level, but a positive influence at the mesotrophic and oligotrophic levels. Overall, our results suggested that multiple factors and nutrient states need to be considered when the ecosystem functioning predictors and the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships are investigated.     

Mn-Cu-O负载型催化剂上CO氧化性能的研究

研究了ＺｒＯ２或Ａｌ２Ｏ３负载Ｍｎ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ体系催化剂ＣＯ催化氧化活性，以及物相结构，表面氧性能与活性的关系。结果表明，锆基催化剂的氧化活性明显优于铝基催化剂，起燃温度Ｔ５０低达５０℃，ＺｒＯ２载 利于活性组份形成高活性物相，并促进表面吸附氧的脱附，表现出催化剂表面吸附氧的脱附温度高低次序与其氧化活性有一致的对应关系。