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171.
Ronald P. Young James L. DuBard Leslie E. Sparks 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):1518-1522
Part I of this work has shown that electrical breakdown in dust layers obeys Paschen's Law, but occurs at applied field values which appear too small to initiate the breakdown. In this paper we will show how an effective dielectric constant characterizing the dust layer can be determined from ac dielectric measurements and the theory of Debye. When combined with an expression for the enhanced local electric field in the void spaces between particles in the layer, field strengths which are large enough to initiate electrical breakdown in the layer are predicted at relatively low values of applied field. The effect of temperature and dust layer thickness on the onset of electrical breakdown within the dust layer can also be explained by the dependence of the effective dielectric constant on these parameters. 相似文献
172.
Carl M. Shy M.D. Dr. P.H. John P. Creason M.S. Martin E. Pearlman M.D. Kathryn E. McClain Ferris B. Benson Marion M. Young M.D. 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):539-545
Elementary schools in four areas of Greater Chattanooga were selected for a study of the effects of community exposure to nitrogen dioxide. One area, in close proximity to a large TNT plant, had high NO2 exposure, another had relatively high suspended particulate exposure, and two areas served as “clean” controls. The similarity of the economic levels of the High-NO2 and Control areas and the moderately lower economic level of the High-Particulate area were documented. Pollutant concentrations for NO2 gas, suspended nitrates and sulfates, total suspended particulates, and soiling index were measured at stations located within the study areas. Ventilatory performance of second-grade school children in the High-NO2 exposure area was significantly lower than the performance of children in the Control areas. The data suggested that ventilatory performance was adversely affected only when an NO2 threshold was exceeded but that above this threshold no further impairment of performance could be detected. 相似文献
173.
174.
Yun Hui Lim Khanh Quoc Ngo Young Koo Park 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):924-931
Capturing of odorous compounds such as toluene vapor by a particulate-activated carbon adsorbent was investigated in a gas-solid cyclone, which is one type of mobile beds. The test cyclone was early modified with the post cyclone (PoC) and a spiral flow guide to the vortex finder. The proposed process may contribute to the reduction of gases and dust from industrial exhausts, especially when dealing with a low concentration of odorous elements and a large volume of dust flow. In this device, the toluene capturing efficiency at a 400 ppm concentration rose up to 77.4% when using activated carbon (AC) particles with a median size of 27.03 μm. A maximum 96% of AC particles could be collected for reuse depending on the size and flow rate. The AC regenerated via thermal treatment showed an adsorption potential up to 66.7% throughout repeated tests.
Implications: VOCs and particles have been of interest both in industrial field and public indoor spaces. In this study, a post cyclone (PoC) that utilizes a residual vortex from the mother cyclone was modified by inserting a flow guide and was applied to capture toluene vapor. The device of modified post-cyclone system can be used effectively in simultaneous treatment of gas-solid flow. 相似文献
175.
Abstract The total alkaloid content and individual alkaloid composition were determined by colorimetry and high performance liquid chroma‐tography, respectively, for Canadian rye ergot sclerotia. The total alkaloid content was highly variable between sclerotia from the same head, field, or region and ranged from 0.011 to 0.452% (av. 0.249%). Levels were lowest in ergot from Prince Edward Island. The individual alkaloid composition was uniform throughout a single sclerotium or in different sclerotia from the same head, somewhat uniform for averages in different fields throughout a region, but highly variable from head to head in a given field. On a regional basis, ergotamine followed by ergocristine were the major alkaloids observed in the east whereas the order wasreversed in the west. Ergometrine, ergosine, ergocornine, and ergocryptine were also observed to a lesser degree; ergostine was not observed. Isomerization of ergometrine increased from near 0% in the east to about 40% in the west, but was relatively constant (about 30%) for the peptide alkaloids in all regions. 相似文献
176.
Occurrence and fate of PPCPs and correlations with water quality parameters in urban riverine waters of the Pearl River Delta, South China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xin Yang Feng Chen Fangang Meng Yuanyu Xie Hui Chen Kyana Young Wangxing Luo Tingjin Ye Wenjie Fu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(8):5864-5875
The occurrence and fate of eight PPCPs was studied in river waters from upstream to downstream of the three rivers in the Pearl River Delta, China. The correlations of PPCP levels and water quality parameters were also investigated. The analytes of the highest concentrations were caffeine, acetaminophen, and ciprofloxacin. Carbamazepine and erythromycin-H2O were detected at the lowest concentrations. The highest concentrations of PPCPs were found in the Shijing River, with 865 ng/L caffeine, 339 ng/L acetaminophen, and 304 ng/L ciprofloxacin. In general, the levels of PPCPs in the Zhujiang River were higher at sites where the metropolitan city Guangzhou is located and decreased from the epicenter along the river. Low levels of PPCPs were generally found in the Beijiang River. Positive correlations were found between PPCP levels, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and cumulative fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) volume. Among the four PPCPs evaluated (caffeine, acetaminophen, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole), caffeine had the best correlations with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.62 to 0.98. The prediction of PPCP concentrations at specified locations can be substantially simplified. 相似文献
177.
In this study, the cost-benefit analysis technique was developed and incorporated into the Taguchi experimental design to determine the optimal operation combination for the purpose of providing a technique solution for controlling both emissions of PCDD/Fs and PAHs, and increasing both the sinter productivity (SP) and sinter strength (SS) simultaneously. Four operating parameters, including the water content, suction pressure, bed height, and type of hearth layer, were selected and all experimental campaigns were conducted on a pilot-scale sinter pot to simulate various sintering operating conditions of a real-scale sinter plant. The resultant optimal combination could reduce the total carcinogenic emissions arising from both emissions of PCDD/Fs and PAHs by 49.8%, and increase the sinter benefit associated with the increase in both SP and SS by 10.1%, as in comparison with the operation condition currently used in the real plant. The ANOVA results indicate that the suction pressure was the most dominant parameter in determining the optimal operation combination. The above result was theoretically plausible since the higher suction pressure provided more oxygen contents leading to the decrease in both PCDD/F and PAH emissions. But it should be noted that the results obtained from the present study were based on pilot scale experiments, conducting confirmation tests in a real scale plant are still necessary in the future. 相似文献
178.
Application of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria for enhancing bioavailability and phytoextraction of cadmium (Cd) from polluted soil 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this study, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Bacillus megaterium, were used to enhance Cd bioavailability and phytoextractability of Cd from contaminated soils. This strain showed a potential for directly solubilizing phosphorous from soils more than 10 folds greater than the control without inoculation. The results of pot experiments revealed that inoculation with B. megaterium significantly increased the extent of Cd accumulation in Brassica juncea and Abutilon theophrasti by two folds relative to the uninoculated control. The maximum Cd concentrations due to inoculation were 1.6 and 1.8 mg Cd g−1 plant for B. juncea and A. theophrasti after 10 wk, respectively. The total biomass of A. theophrasti was not significantly promoted by the inoculation treatment, yet the total biomass of B. juncea increased from 0.087 to 0.448 g. It is also worth to mention that B. juncea predominantly accumulates Cd in its stems (39%) whereas A. theophrasti accumulates it in its leaves (68%) after 10 wk. The change of the Cd speciation indicated that inoculation of B. megaterium as PSB increased the bioavailabilty of Cd and consequently enhanced its uptake by plants. The present study may provide a new insight for improving phytoremediation using PSB in the Cd-contaminated soils. 相似文献
179.
Fly ash (FA) and vinasse (VN), two industrial wastes, are generated in huge amounts and cause serious hazards to the environment. In this experiment, different proportions of these two wastes were used as food for two epigeic earthworms (Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugeniae) to standardize the recycling technique of these two wastes and to study their effect on fungal especially cellulolytic fungal population, cellulase activity and their isozyme pattern, chitin content and microbial biomass of waste mixture during vermicomposting. Increasing VN proportion from 25% to 50% or even higher, counts of both fungi and cellulolytic fungi in waste mixtures were significantly (P ? 0.05) increased during vermicomposting. Higher cellulase activity in treatments having 50% or more vinasse might be attributed to the significantly (P ? 0.05) higher concentration of group I isozyme while concentrations of other isozymes (group II and III) of cellulase were statistically at par. Higher chitin content in vinasse-enriched treatments suggested that fungal biomass and fungi-to-microbial biomass ratio in these treatments were also increased due to vermicomposting. Results revealed that Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida had comparable effect on FA and VN mixture during vermicomposting. Periodical analysis of above-mentioned biochemical and microbial properties and nutrient content of final vermicompost samples indicated that equal proportion (1:1, w/w) of FA and VN is probably the optimum composition to obtain best quality vermicompost. 相似文献
180.
Rheological and Thermal Properties of the PLA Modified by Electron Beam Irradiation in the Presence of Functional Monomer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Boo Young Shin Do Hung Han Ramani Narayan 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(4):558-566
Polylactic acid (PLA) has been modified by electron beam radiation in the presence of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) to enhance
the melt strength of PLA. The modified PLA was prepared by varying both the amount of GMA and the irradiation dose and was
characterized by observing the thermal properties, the melt viscoelastic properties and the gel fraction. For comparison,
virgin PLA was also irradiated. All irradiated virgin PLA had a lower complex viscosity and a storage modulus compared to
virgin PLA due to irradiation-induced chain scission. However, these properties were remarkably improved due to formation
of long chain branching and retarding chain scission if GMA was introduced in this system. The increase in melt viscoelastic
property was much dependent on the irradiation dose. At optimum doses of radiation, it showed maximum complex viscosity and
storage modulus. The PLA irradiated with 20 kGy in the presence of 3 phr GMA showed a complex viscosity of about 10 times
higher and a storage modulus of 100 times higher than those of virgin PLA at 0.1 rad/s. Gel fraction measurement revealed
that chain scission and branching was more dominant than crosslinking. The biodegradability of irradiated PLA was slightly
decreased by the presence of GMA. 相似文献