Electrogeneration of H(2) for Pd-catalytic hydrodechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol in groundwater

A novel electrolytic groundwater remediation process, which used the H₂ continuously generated at cathode to achieve in situ catalytic hydrodechlorination, was developed for the treatment of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in groundwater. Catalytic hydrodechlorination using Pd supported on bamboo charcoal and external H₂ showed that 2,4-DCP was completely dechlorinated to phenol within 30 min at pH ? 5.5. In a divided electrolytic system, the catalytic hydrodechlorination of 2,4-DCP in cathodic compartment by H₂ generated at the cathode under 20 and 50 mA reached 100% at 120 and 60 min, respectively. Two column experiments with influent pHs of 5.5 (unconditioned) and 2 were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of this process. The 2,4-DCP removal efficiencies were about 63% and nearly 100% at influent pHs of 5.5 and 2, respectively. Phenol was solely produced by 2,4-DCP hydrodechlorination, and was subsequently degraded at the anode. A low pH could enhance the hydrodechlorination, but was not necessarily required. This study provides the preliminary results of a novel effective electrolytic process for the remediation of groundwater contaminated by chlorinated aromatics.     

劳动防护用品与职工福利异同点及意义浅析

1引言如今,人们对劳动防护用品及其作用的认识日渐深刻,它已不再是可有可无,更不是企业或单位的点缀品,而是实实在在地成为实现安全生产不可或缺的重     

鸭绿江口邻近海域夏季粒级叶绿素a分布及影响因素研究

于2016年8月在鸭绿江口邻近海域采集水样,讨论了鸭绿江口邻近海域夏季粒级Chl a含量的空间分布规律及环境影响因素。结果表明,调查海域总Chl a含量介于2.91~17.46 μg/L之间,平均含量为6.54±3.56 μg/L,表层Chl a含量高于底层。小型级（Micro）Chl a含量表、底层分布规律相近,高值区均位于河流入海口处;表层和底层微微型级（Pico）Chl a分布规律相近,含量值在河流入海口处由东北向西南逐渐降低。微型级（Nano）Chl a含量在表层高值区位于河流入海口处偏西方向,底层则呈现北低南高的分布趋势。Micro级Chl a为夏季鸭绿江口邻近海域总Chl a的主要贡献者,平均贡献率为55.10%;Pico级和Nano级Chl a平均贡献率为27.61%和17.29%。Chl a主成分分析结果表明:底层各粒级Chl a含量与各环境因子均呈显著正相关（p < 0.05）;表层各粒级Chl a含量与盐度、透明度呈显著负相关,与硝酸盐（NO₃-N）、亚硝酸盐（NO₂-N）、磷酸盐（PO₄-P）、DIN、氮磷比、悬浮物浓度等呈显著正相关（p < 0.05）;Micro级Chl a含量与营养盐因子相关性更显著。     

中国水土资源本底匹配状况研究

论文以中国水资源二级区为基本单元,利用单位面积水资源量法和基尼系数法,以二级区水资源总量和潜在可开垦耕地面积为数据基础,评价中国水土资源本底匹配状况,为中国水土资源优化配置提供科学依据。首先根据适宜农作物耕种的高程、坡度和土壤类型条件,得到中国潜在可开垦耕地分布;然后,计算单位潜在可开垦耕地面积水资源量,评价中国水土资源本底匹配分布状况;最后,绘制水土资源洛伦兹曲线,计算基尼系数,对中国水土资源本底匹配总体状况进行评价。研究结果表明： 1）中国北部区域潜在可开垦耕地较多,西南部和南部沿海区域分布较少,未来具有较大耕地开发潜力的区域主要分布在北方; 2）中国本底水资源和潜在可开垦耕地资源空间分布存在严重错位; 3）较之已有研究成果中依据水资源量和耕地面积计算的基尼系数0.566,论文以本底水资源和潜在耕地为基础数据计算的基尼系数0.712要大很多,表征中国本底水土资源不匹配程度要严重得多,中国80%的水资源服务不到23%的潜在可开垦耕地。     

资源枯竭型城市产业转型及其经济韧性——以湖北省大冶市为例

产业转型是资源枯竭型城市面临的重要发展问题,探究资源枯竭型城市产业转型及其经济韧性的演化机制,对实现城市高质量发展具有重要意义。从演化经济韧性视角出发,以湖北省大冶市为例,构建资源枯竭型城市经济韧性评价指标体系,采取熵值法和PLS偏最小二乘法,定量揭示2000—2019年湖北省大冶市产业转型过程中经济韧性的演化特征及驱动机制。结果显示：（1）研究区经济韧性经历了衰退适应、抵御恢复、响应提升的演化阶段,分别对应其经济衰退转变期（2000—2009年）、发展恢复期（2010—2014年）、高效提升期（2015—2019年）,经济韧性水平呈现出“缓慢→快速”的上升态势。（2）2000—2019年研究区经济韧性演化的驱动因子由产业结构转变和创新水平提升转向多要素共同推动,其中居民收入、市场规模、政府调控能力、产业技术水平等因子是推进研究区经济韧性演进的关键因素。（3）产业多元化转型是研究区经济韧性提升的直接动力,以产业相关多样化为传导路径,在多要素驱动下研究区向更高层次的城市生命阶段演进。当压力要素消解、城市状态调整、响应方式优化时,经济韧性将通过激活产业要素、均衡化拓展驱动力来推动产业的“路...     

医院传染病污水处理技术探讨

以杭州市第六人民医院的污水处理设施为例，阐述了医院传染病污水处理技术的基本思路，并进而探讨了其消毒参数选择和处理的经济性，总结了还存在的问题及解决途径。     

苯胺分解菌的驯化筛选研究

采用某药厂下水道污泥富集的菌种,通过驯化筛选得到对苯胺分解能力强的专性菌种Ochrobactrumanthropi。通过正交实验得出Ochrobactrumanthropi的最适生长条件:pH为6~7,温度为35~40℃,NaCl浓度为0.6%。在适合的条件下,Ochrobactrumanthropi对苯胺有较好的降解能力。      

高氯低COD值水样的无汞快速测定法

以硝酸银和硫酸铬钾代替硫酸汞来消除 COD 测定中的氯离子干扰,同时将重铬酸钾溶液的浓度降低为0.100 mol／L,并用硫磷混酸代替硫酸,该方法经过对标准样品和实际样品的测定,表现出对于测定氯离子含量低于25000 mg／L的高氯低 COD 值水样具有较好的准确度和精密度,同时可以实现银盐的回收再利用。     

Spatial and seasonal characteristics of river water chemistry in the Taizi River in Northeast China

Anthropogenic activities have led to water quality deterioration in many parts of the world, especially in Northeast China. The current work investigated the spatiotemporal variations of water quality in the Taizi River by multivariate statistical analysis of data from the 67 sampling sites in the mainstream and major tributaries of the river during dry and rainy seasons. One-way analysis of variance indicated that the 20 measured variables (except pH, 5-day biological oxygen demand, permanganate index, and chloride, orthophosphate, and total phosphorus concentrations) showed significant seasonal (p?≤?0.05) and spatial (p?<?0.05) variations among the mainstream and major tributaries of the river. Hierarchical cluster analysis of data from the different seasons classified the mainstream and tributaries of the river into three clusters, namely, less, moderately, and highly polluted clusters. Factor analysis extracted five factors from data in the different seasons, which accounted for the high percentage of the total variance and reflected the integrated characteristics of water chemistry, organic pollution, phosphorous pollution, denitrification effect, and nitrogen pollution. The results indicate that river pollution in Northeast China was mainly from natural and/or anthropogenic sources, e.g., rainfall, domestic wastewater, agricultural runoff, and industrial discharge.     

成都市某污水处理厂污泥处理与处置方式探讨

本文在简要介绍国内几种典型的污泥处理与处置方式基础上,结合成都市某污水处理厂在污泥处理与处置方面的现状以及所存在的问题,提出了以农业利用作为该厂污泥的最终处置方式。