山区小城镇国土空间格局优化研究

面对资源约束趋紧和生态环境破坏的严峻态势,生态文明建设中亟需通过国土空间格局优化,应对环境保护和经济发展的双重需要.本文以丹棱县顺龙乡国土空间开发格局为例,从顺龙乡生态环境和社会经济现状出发,指出了当前发展面临的问题,分别从生产空间、生活空间、生态空间三方面提出了优化顺龙乡国土空间的具体方案,探索了山区小城镇国土空间格局优化的思路.     

太湖流域典型河流沉积物重金属污染特征及生态风险评价

武宜运河位于太湖西部贯穿大部分太湖入湖河流,其重金属污染的研究,对太湖重金属污染来源,流域管理具有重要的意义。因此,2012年8月对武宜运河全程底质调查,分析了沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Cr等元素,通过地累积指数评价、相关分析、潜在生态风险评价以及相关研究对比分析,得出以下结论:1)Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Cr污染浓度均值为129.38,207.74,52.13,28.26,77.06 mg/kg,其中Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Cr均超过毒性参考值(TRV),Cu超标达800%。Zn、Pb、Cr在世界湖泊沉积物中微量金属的范围(WCTMEL)内,Cu超出144%,Ni略低于WCTMEL;2)Ni-Cr、Zn-Pb具有较好的同源性。且Cu、Zn污染较高,达到"中—强"和"强"污染级别,Pb污染级别其次,Ni、Cr污染级别较低或无污染。可以排除武宜运河携带Ni、Cr污染物进入入湖河网的可能;3)Cu为武宜运河生态风险主要贡献因子。需加强工业园区地段重金属污染控制,减少污染来源,加大武宜运河对连同入湖水系的清水补充。     

Microbial reduction of uranium (VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2: A macroscopic and spectroscopic study

The microbial reduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2, isolated from soil in Southwest China, was explored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Our studies indicated that approximately 16.0% of U(VI) at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L uranium nitrate could be reduced by Bacillus sp. dwc-2 at pH 8.2 under anaerobic conditions at room temperature. Additionally, natural organic matter (NOM) played an important role in enhancing the bioreduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2. XPS results demonstrated that the uranium presented mixed valence states (U(VI) and U(IV)) after bioreduction, which was subsequently confirmed by XANES. Furthermore, the TEM and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis suggested that the reduced uranium was bioaccumulated mainly within the cell and as a crystalline structure on the cell wall. These observations implied that the reduction of uranium may have a significant effect on its fate in the soil environment in which these bacterial strains occur.     

重庆市城市污水厂污泥的处理与处置

分析了目前重庆市城市污水厂污泥的处理与处置现状 ,对今后重庆市城市污水厂污泥的管理进行了探讨 ,提出了几个应注意的问题。     

Integrated assessment of river health based on water quality, aquatic life and physical habitat

The health conditions of Liao River were assessed using 25 sampling sites in April 2005, with water quality index, biotic index and physical habitat quality index. Based on the method of cluster analysis (CA) for water quality indices, it revealed that heavily polluted sites of Liao River are located at estuary and mainstream. The aquatic species surveyed were attached algae and benthic invertebrates. The result showed that the diversity and biomass of attached algae and benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) were degrading as the chemical and physical quality of water bodies deteriorating. Physiochemical parameters, BOD5, CODCr, TN, TP, NH3-N, DO, petroleum hydrocarbon and conductivity, were statistically analyzed with principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The statistical results were incorporated into the integrated assessing water quality index, combining fecal coliform count, attached algae diversity, B-IBI and physical habitat quality score. A comprehensive integrated assessing system of river ecological health was established. Based on the systimetic assesment, the assessed sites are categorized into 9 “healthy” and “sub-healthy” sites and 8 “sub-sick” and “sick” sites.     

工业园能源代谢分析

运用工业代谢分析方法对某农药化学工业园能源代谢系统进行量化分析. 结果表明:提升能源转化水平、改善能源利用效率是优化该工业园能源系统的2个有效途径,可减少能源代谢过程中的资源消耗与环境压力. 进一步根据能源代谢模型量化分析得出,提升工业园热电厂运行水平,达到供热煤耗0.043 t/GJ,供电煤耗4.538 t/(104 kW·h)(2004年江苏省平均水平),将较2005年水平减少原煤消耗35.31%;将能源利用水平较低企业的电力利用效率和蒸汽利用效率分别提高到园区平均水平(58.01%和63.84%),可较2005年水平减少原煤消耗2.5%左右.      

油脂对红壤结构性质与水流运动特征的影响

本文通过室内灌水入渗试验,研究了灌溉水油脂浓度（0,1.0,3.0和10.0g/L）、灌水频率（1d1次,2d1次,4d1次）和灌溉模式（纯清水灌溉,纯含油脂灌溉水灌溉,含油脂灌溉水-清水交替灌溉）对受灌土壤结构性质与水流运动特征的影响.结果显示,随灌水进入到受灌土壤中的油脂主要集中在优先流通道中快速运动,优先流湿润锋处的土壤油脂浓度较高且不受灌溉水中油脂浓度的影响,表明即便是采用较低油脂浓度的灌溉水灌溉,依然对地下水系统存在较高的污染风险;高频率、低定额的含油脂灌溉水灌溉有利于进入到受灌土壤中的油脂向深层土壤运动,使得斥水性土层厚度增大,从而导致入渗水流运动的不确定性及地下水系统的污染风险均增大;油脂对受灌土壤团聚体的再团聚作用只有在其浓度较高时才能形成,含油脂灌溉水-清水交替灌溉因降低了受灌土壤的油脂浓度反而导致土壤团聚体分散和破碎.研究成果对再生水和原污水农田灌溉制度设计具有参考价值.     

基塘水产养殖对水域氮磷的影响

基塘系统是一种相对封闭的人工生态系统，其鱼塘子系统中的营养盐－氮、磷既是鱼类生长的必需元素，又是水体中的限制性元素。氮、磷的变化受塘中水生生物活动（如光合作用、呼吸、排泄）、鱼类粪便、饲料投加、底泥等的影响，文中对基塘中氮磷的变化及影响因子进行探讨。     

生命周期评价技术应用现状

介绍了生命周期评价作为一种产品环境特征和产品决策工具,在国外广泛应用于产品、材料、化工、环境管理等各个领域中,并介绍了在国内的研究和展望。     

太湖藻类状况分析

对太湖藻类发生的内因、外因作了阐述，就有关的环境因子与藻类的关系作了相关分析，对太湖藻类的监测工作提出了建议。