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281.
采用RAINS ASIA模型研究了"十一五"期间长三角地区实施脱硫措施前后硫沉降超临界负荷的变化.结果表明,在90%保证率下,长三角地区硫沉降的临界负荷(以S计,下同)总值为78.38万t/a;2005年该地区硫沉降的超临界负荷总值为27.98万t/a,有45.6%区域面积的硫沉降超过临界负荷;如果不实施脱硫措施,到2010年长三角地区硫沉降超临界负荷的情景将急剧恶化,硫沉降超临界负荷总值将增长18.4%,超临界负荷的区域面积将增加到48.7%;"十一五"脱硫计划如期实施后,2010年长三角地区硫沉降超临界负荷总值将在2005年的基础上下降27.4%,但仍有39.1%的区域面积超过临界负荷,须采取更严格的措施控制硫沉降量. 相似文献
282.
We collected three ornithogenic coral sand sedimentary profiles from Jinyin Island, Jinqing Island and Guangjin Island of Yongle archipelago, South China Sea and reconstructed the deposition flux of anthropogenic Hg over the past 700 years in the study area. On the whole, the anthropogenic Hg flux is relatively low; it remained at a low level before the Industrial Revolution with a small peak at about 1450-1550 AD, which may record the enhanced metallurgy activity in Ming Dynasty of China. During the 20th century, the deposition flux of anthropogenic Hg increased rapidly, but two troughs occurred during the periods around 1940s and 1970s, corresponding to the economic depression caused by World War II, Civil War in China (1945-1949), and the Culture Revolution (1966-1976) in China. Since the 1970s the deposition flux of anthropogenic Hg has been persistently increasing, apparently the result of fast economic development in East and Southeast Asia countries around South China Sea. 相似文献
283.
Solvent-based separation method is presumably an efficient and environmentally beneficial approach for elimination of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The overall goal of this study was to evaluate possible effects of organic solvent on the behavior of BFRs during solvent-based processing of WEEE. We initiated a set of batch experiments for examining the rates and possible pathways of transformation of a representative BFR (tetrabromobisphenol A, TBBPA) using acetone, toluene, and methanol as the solvents. Our results showed that toluene and methanol had no effect on the transformation of TBBPA, but approximately 20% of TBBPA (100 mg L−1) was transformed by acetone within 2 h at 50 °C. Analysis of the products with GC-MS showed that two high-molecular-weight products (MW = 586) were major products of the transformation reactions. The role of acetone as a reactant in the transformation of TBBPA was further validated with dueterated acetone. In addition, the effects of co-existing metals in WEEE (i.e., Zn, Cu, and Ni) on the transformation of TBBPA in the solvent systems were investigated. These metals tested were found to greatly enhance the rates of TBBPA transformation. The metal facilitated solvent reactions with TBBPA may lower the extractability of TBBPA by formation of larger and less soluble products, hence potentially increasing the cost for separating the chemical from WEEE. 相似文献
284.
Cadmium selenium (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals that hold wide range of applications and substantial production volumes. Due to unique composition and nanoscale properties, their potential toxicity to aquatic organisms has increasingly gained a great amount of interest. However, the impact of CdSe QDs exposure on zebrafish embryo and larvae remains almost unknown. Therefore, the lab study was performed to determine the developmental and behavioral toxicities to zebrafish under continuous exposure to low level CdSe QDs (0.05-31.25 mg L−1) coated with mercaptopropionic acid (MPA). The results showed MPA-CdSe exposure from embryo to larvae stage affected overall fitness. Our findings for the first time revealed that: (1) The 120 h LC50 of MPA-CdSe for zebrafish was 1.98 mg L−1; (2) embryos exposed to MPA-CdSe resulted in malformations incidence and lower hatch rate; (3) abnormal vascular of FLI-1 transgenic zebrafish larvae appeared after exposure to MPA-CdSe including vascular junction, bifurcation, crossing and particle appearance; (4) larvae behavior assessment showed during MPA-CdSe exposure a rapid transition from light-to-dark elicited a similar, brief burst and a higher basal swimming rate; (5) MPA-CdSe induced embryos cell apoptosis in the head and tail region. Results of the observations provide a basic understanding of MPA-CdSe toxicity to aquatic organisms and suggest the need for additional research to identify the toxicological mechanism. 相似文献
285.
合肥台CTS-1分析系统网络组建 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文阐述了利用UNIX和WIN98/2000互联的局域网技术,对CTS-1系统进行优化配置,组建CTS-1网络分析系统,实现CTS-1系统数据共享,提高地震分析的效率,确保数据备份。利用代理软件用一个MODEM让各个子机同时上网,同时充分利用台站现有的计算机设备,最大限度的实现地震监控、速报、分析以及地震研究的同时开展。 相似文献
286.
循环经济与中国发展的C模式 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
循环经济是资源节约型和环境友好型社会的发展模式。中国未来的经济社会发展可以有三种模式:A模式——高消耗.高增长和高污染的强物质化模式:B模式——经济与环境绝对脱钩的减物质化模式:C模式——按照循环经济原则有较高资源生产率的发展模式。本文对比了循环经济模式与传统经济模式的差异.指出中国应该选择适合中国当前重化工业发展阶段的循环经济发展模式.即C模式。 相似文献
287.
288.
小流域综合治理新设计研究——猪沼果模式 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
近年来,小流域综合治理的主旨思想改变了,其工作重心在于巩固和发展治理开发的成果,提升综合治理的科技含量,增加治理带来的经济效益。于是将小流域的治理与生产联系起来成为了当前科研人员的研究方向。文章对目前部分地区大力推广的"猪-沼-果"模式在小流域治理方面的概念、发展及综合效益等方面做了一些综述。总的来说,猪沼果模式能够增加农村的能源,增加农民收入,并保护绿植,促进小流域治理。 相似文献
289.
J. Sun Y. P. Li X. W. Zhuang S.W. Jin G. H. Huang R. F. Feng 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2018,23(4):553-578
In this study, an integrated simulation-based allocation modeling system (ISAMS) is developed for identifying water resources management strategies in response to climate change. The ISAMS incorporates global climate models (GCMs), a semi-distributed land use-based runoff process (SLURP) model, and a multistage interval-stochastic programming (MISP) approach within a general framework. The ISAMS can not only handle uncertainties expressed as probability distributions and interval values but also reveal climate change impacts on water resources allocation under different projections of GCMs. The ISAMS is then applied to the Kaidu-kongque watershed with cold arid characteristics in the Tarim River Basin (the largest inland watershed basin in China) for demonstrating its efficiency. Results reveal that different climate change models corresponding to various projections (e.g., precipitation and temperature) would lead to changed water resources allocation patterns. Variations in water availability and demand due to uncertainties could result in different water allocation targets and shortages. A variety of decision alternatives about water allocations adaptive to climate change are generated under combinations of different global climate models and ecological water release plans. These findings indicate that understanding the uncertainties in water resources system, building adaptive methods for generating sustainable water allocation patterns, and taking actions for mitigating water shortage problems are key adaptation strategies responding to climate change. 相似文献
290.