论高科技发展与环境承载力

本文从高科技发展角度论述了高科技发展与环境承载力之间的关系,并对已有的环境承载力理论做了补充和改进,使之更能体现可持续发展的新发展观。本文还对不同国家在处理高科技发展与可持续发展关系的途径做了概要阐释。最后指出,高科技污染也是一个不容忽视的问题。     

江西省兴国县土壤侵蚀动态监测研究

介绍发应用遥感技术和调查资料编制的江西省兴国县三个时期（１９５８，１９７５，１９８８年）的土壤侵蚀动态监测图。结果表明，建国以来，该县水土流失的动态变化基本上呈抛物线的态势发展，目前水土流失面积在缩小，程度在降低，总的趋势向好的方向发展。     

金属浓度,半透膜孔径,水温及配位体对半透膜囊吸收铜的影响

在实验室条件下，研究了影响树脂－半透膜囊吸收铜的主要因素，重点探讨了水相铜含量，半透膜孔径，温度以及天然河水中的有机配位体对吸收的影响。结果表明，半透膜囊吸收量与水相游离铜浓度，水温及半透膜孔径的非整数次幂成正比，其中包括ＥＤＴＡ，河水富里酸，以及河水中的各种天然有机物在内的配位体均与铜生成不能被半透膜囊吸收的络合物，研究结果进一步证实了半透膜囊对水环境中游离态微量金属进行长期监测的可行性。     

专家系统及其在农业与自然资源管理中的应用

阐述了专家系统的概念及其与传统程序、其它计算机辅助决策的区别，综述了专家系统在农业与自然资源管理中的应用现状及其日益重要的作用，探讨了农业专家系统的发展趋向。     

Chemometrics methods for the investigation of methylmercury and total mercury contamination in mollusks samples collected from coastal sites along the Chinese Bohai Sea

The development and application of chemometrics methods, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis and correlation analysis for the determination of methylmercury (MeHg) and total mecury (HgT) in gastropod and bivalve species collected from eight coastal sites along the Chinese Bohai Sea are described. HgT is directly determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), while MeHg is measured by a laboratory established high performance liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry system (HPLC-AFS). One-way ANOVA and cluster analysis indicated that the bioaccumulation of Rap to accumulate Hg was significantly (P<0.05) different from other mollusks. Correlation analysis shows that there is linear relationship between MeHg and HgT in mollusks samples collected from coastal sites along the Chinese Bohai Sea, while in mollusks samples collected from Hongqiao market in Beijing City, there is not any linear relationship.     

Wet air oxidation of nitrobenzene enhanced by phenol

Simultaneous nitrobenzene and phenol wet air oxidation was investigated in a stainless autoclave at temperature range of 180-220 degrees C and 1.0 MPa oxygen partial pressure. Compared with the single oxidation of nitrobenzene under the same conditions, the presence of phenol in the reaction media greatly improved the removal efficiency of nitrobenzene. The effect of temperature on the reaction was studied. Phenol was considered as a type of initiator in the nitrobenzene oxidation.     

催化湿法氧化处理垃圾渗滤液中Co/Bi催化剂的回收与再生

利用硝酸盐熔融法制备Co/Bi催化剂,用于催化湿法氧化(CWAO)处理垃圾渗滤液。对一次利用后的 Co/Bi催化剂进行回收和再生,在反应温度260 ℃、催化剂用量 2 g、氧分压 0. 5 MPa条件下,催化剂的回收率可达到(97. 09±0. 74)%。利用XRD、BET分析方法对新鲜制备、一次回收、一次再生、二次回收的催化剂进行表征,根据表征结果可知催化剂的活性为:新鲜制备>一次再生>二次回收>一次回收。利用上述催化剂在不同温度条件下降解垃圾渗滤液,在 280 ℃、300 ℃条件下,催化剂的活性为新鲜制备≈一次再生>一次回收,而在220 ℃、240 ℃、260 ℃条件下,则是新鲜制备>一次再生≈一次回收,表明低温条件下,一次再生的催化剂和一次回收的催化剂出现失活现象,并分析了催化剂失活的原因。     

天津市医疗废物处置规划及策略研究

以天津市医疗废物管理现状为研究对象,对处置方式进行深入探讨,分析目前分散处置和集中处置存在的缺陷,提出"区域集中处置"设想;并运用模糊决策模型理论,建立较完善的处置方式评价指标体系,应用模糊综合评价模型得出"区域集中处置"是最佳的医疗废物处置方式,同时提出了相应的区域集中处置策略.     

Influence of methanol on retention of hydrophobic organic chemicals in soil leaching column chromatography

The influence of methanol in methanol-water mixed eluents on the capacity factor (k'), an important parameter which could depict leaching potential of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) in soil leaching column chromatography (SLCC), was investigated. Two reference soils, GSE 17201 obtained from Bayer Landwirtschaftszentrum, Monheim, Germany and SP 14696 from LUFA, Spencer, Germany, were used as packing materials in soil columns, and isocratic elution with methanol-water mixtures at different volume fractions of methanol (phi) were tested. Short-term exposure of the column (packed with the GSE 17201 soil) to the eluents increased solute retention by a certain (23% log-unit) degree evaluated through a correlation with the retention on the same soil column but unpreconditioned by methanol-containing eluents. Long-term exposure of soil columns to the eluents did not influence the solute retention. A log-linear equation, log k' = log k'(w) - S(phi), could well and generally describe the retention of HOCs in SLCC. For the compounds of homologous series, logk'(w) had good linear relationship with S, indicating the hydrophobic partition mechanism existing in the retention process.