基于风险的Football组合法在筛选农用地优先控制酞酸酯类污染物的应用

为探索建立农用地优先管控酞酸酯类有毒有害化学物质的筛选方法,基于Football组合法开展了相关研究。结果表明,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)等5种酞酸酯类内源污染物潜在风险较高,将筛选结果与国内外管控化学物质名单进行比较分析,表明Football组合法可用于筛选农用地优先控制酞酸酯类有毒有害物质。     

Scrap Iron Filings assisted nitrate and phosphate removal in low C/N waters using mixed microbial culture

• Microbes enhance denitrification under varying DO concentrations and SIF dosages. • Abiotic nitrate reduction rates are proportional to SIF age and dosage. • Over 80% of the simultaneously loaded NO₃⁻-N and PO₄³⁻ is removed biologically. This study focuses on identifying the factors under which mixed microbial seeds assist bio-chemical denitrification when Scrap Iron Filings (SIF) are used as electron donors and adsorbents in low C/N ratio waters. Batch studies were conducted in abiotic and biotic reactors containing fresh and aged SIF under different dissolved oxygen concentrations with NO₃⁻-N and/or PO₄^3- influent(s) and their nitrate/phosphate removal and by-product formations were studied. Batch reactors were seeded with a homogenized mixed microbial inoculum procured from natural sludges which were enriched over 6 months under denitrifying conditions in the presence of SIF. Results indicated that when influent containing 40 mg/L of NO₃⁻-N was treated with 5 g SIF, 79.9% nitrate reduction was observed in 8 days abiotically and 100% removal was accomplished in 20 days when the reactor was seeded. Both abiotic and seeded reactors removed more than 92% PO₄³⁻ under high DO conditions in 12 days. Abiotic and biochemical removal of NO₃⁻-N and abiotic removal of PO₄³⁻ were higher under independent NO₃⁻-N/PO₄³⁻ loading, while 99% PO₄^3- was removed biochemically under combined NO₃⁻-N and PO₄³⁻ loading. This study furthers the understandings of nitrate and phosphate removal in Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) assisted mixed microbial systems to encourage the application of SIF-supported bio-chemical processes in the simultaneous removals of these pollutants.     

二氧化氯对水中病毒、藻类和浮游动物的失活效果

本文研究了二氧化氯对水中一些主要病毒、藻类和浮游动物的失活效果,以及在不同消毒剂投量、接触时间和pH值等条件下,二氧化氯(ClO_2)对水体中一些微生物的杀灭和失活效果.与液氯对比的结果表明:ClO_2对藻类失活效果优于或相当于液氯;ClO_2对病毒和浮游动物的失活效果显著优于液氯;ClO_2可在一广泛的pH值范围内杀灭微生物.此外,还从理论上初步探讨了ClO_2对病毒的失活机理.研究结果表明,ClO_2是一种优良的液氯替代消毒剂,这对开展ClO_2的研究及其应用有重要意义.     

裸土风蚀型开放源起尘机制研究进展

中国北方多个城市空气颗粒物来源解析结果表明,开放源是空气颗粒物污染的主要来源,裸土风蚀型开放源是主要的排放源类.对裸土风蚀型开放源起尘机制进行了诠释,提出了裸土风蚀型开放源、裸土风蚀起尘、裸土风蚀尘的概念,并对裸土风蚀型开放源的风蚀影响因素进行了研究,为城市空气质量达标及空气颗粒物污染防治提供科学参考.     

电子垃圾焚烧排放的二噁英对周围大气环境的影响

为了研究电子垃圾焚烧产生的二噁英对周围环境的影响,同时在E1和E2采样点分别采集9个大气样品.E1周围分布大量的电子垃圾焚烧点,E2则位于E1南9 km处,周围无其他明显的二噁英排放源.所采样品用同位素稀释法进行分析测定,结果表明,E1和E2大气样品中二噁英的平均质量浓度分别为127.37、22.37 pg/m3,平均毒性当量浓度分别为8.777、1.305 pg I-TEQ/m3.八氯代二苯并呋喃(OCDF)、八氯代二苯并二噁英(OCDD)、七氯代二苯并呋喃(1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF)和七氯代二苯并二噁英(1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD)对2,3,7,8位氯代的二噁英的总浓度贡献较大,而五氯代二苯并呋喃(2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF)则对总毒性当量浓度贡献最大,其贡献率超过40%.在E1和E2两个采样点,二噁英在气相中的比例均随着氯原子取代数的增加而降低.两采样点相似的二噁英分布模式和气固分配,说明E2大气中二噁英主要来自于E1电子垃圾焚烧产生的二噁英.     

硝化生物膜系统对低温的适应特性:MBBR和IFAS

为探明硝化生物膜系统对低温的适应特性,在不同温度(20、 15和10℃)下长期运行移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)和生物膜-活性污泥复合工艺(IFAS)并考察温度降低对其硝化性能、生物膜特性及群落结构的影响,以期为生物膜系统在污水处理行业的应用提供理论依据.结果表明,当温度降低至10℃时,MBBR和IFAS的氨氮去除率分别为(90.88±5.73)%和(99.79±0.31)%,表明IFAS比MBBR具有更好的低温适应性.这是由于低温导致胞外聚合物(EPS)含量的增加,进而促使生物膜厚度及干重不断升高,而相同负荷下的MBBR生物膜更容易堵塞,从而影响传质.活性测定结果表明,尽管IFAS中活性污泥的硝化贡献率始终占主导地位,但随着温度降低,生物膜的氨氧化贡献率从30.72%逐渐上升至39.85%,起到了强化硝化的作用.qPCR结果显示,温度的降低使生物膜中硝化细胞拷贝数上升,其与低温下生物膜厚度的增加一定程度上弥补了硝化活性的衰减,从而体现了生物膜对低温较强的适应性.     

北运河秋冬季浮游植物群落结构特征及影响因子分析

浮游植物是水生生态系统的主要生产者,其群落结构与水质密切相关.为研究北京市北运河不同水体环境特征,于2018年10月(秋季)和2019年2月(冬季)在北京市北运河设置13个采样点开展浮游植物群落结构和水环境调查,共鉴定出浮游植物7门54属99种.群落结构分析表明,秋季浮游植物物种数(75种)高于冬季(58种),城市河道型水体物种数(78种)>城市湖泊型(59种)>山区河道型(29种).秋季浮游植物密度为916.04×10⁴ cells·L^-1,冬季浮游植物密度为220.52×10⁴ cells·L^-1,秋、冬季平均密度为568.28×10⁴ cells·L^-1.空间格局上,城市湖泊型水体浮游植物密度最高,绿藻门和蓝藻门为优势门类;城市河道型水体次之,大部分点位以硅藻门、绿藻门和蓝藻门为优势门类;山区河道型水体最低,硅藻门为主要优势门类.物种优势度和多样性指数分析结果显示,北京市北运河水体中以中富营养型指示物种为优势类群,水质污染类型为β-中污型...     

TCLP法对天津市农田重金属生态风险评价

TCLP法是用缓冲剂提取重金属的一种方法,该法评价重金属生态风险在美国已开展多年。利用TCLP法对天津市某农田土壤重金属进行生态风险评价,结果表明,在采集的23个样品中有效态铜、铅、锌、镉的含量范围为1.13~5.26、2.11~5.22、2.60~30.6、1.09×10-3~77.9×10-3mg/kg,普遍低于铜、铅、锌、镉在土壤中的总量(22.1~66.8、21.2~50.6、56.8~445、0.04~0.20 mg/kg)。镉的TCLP有效态与总量的差别最大。锌、铅存在轻微污染,污染率分别为21.7%、4.3%。     

Continuous electrocoagulation degradation of oily wastewater with Fe78Si9B13 amorphous ribbons

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The oily wastewater was treated by electrocoagulation with Fe78Si9B13 amorphous ribbons as anode and graphite plates as cathode under such processing...     

The effect of long-term freeze-thaw cycles on the stabilization of lead in compound solidified/stabilized lead-contaminated soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The solidification/stabilization (S/S) method is a common technique for the remediation of soils polluted by heavy metal. This study, thus, evaluated...