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391.
In this paper, a new alternative method, i.e., selective extraction by weakly basic anion exchange resin, has been developed for the removal of trace cadmium and mercury ions from drinking water sources. The mechanism of heavy metal removal is based on selective extraction as the results of LEWIS-base-acid interactions. Transfer of trace mercury species from liquid to resin phase coincides well with the performance of film diffusion. The results demonstrated that the presence of chlorine has a negligible influence on the removal of mercury. However, humic acids can strongly bind mercury by the formation of complex compounds and therefore become the obstacle in the diffusion progress. At neutral or base pH, the resin material exhibits the favorable uptake of heavy metals. In filter experiments, the studied resin material offers favorable properties in the selective extraction of trace mercury and cadmium. 相似文献
392.
The photocatalytic disinfection of urban waste waters 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Herrera Melián JA Doña Rodríguez JM Viera Suárez A Tello Rendón E Valdés do Campo C Arana J Pérez Peña J 《Chemosphere》2000,41(3):323-327
In this paper we present the results of the photocatalytic disinfection of urban waste water. Two microbial groups, total coliforms and Streptococcus faecalis, have been used as indexes to test disinfection efficiencies. Different experimental parameters have been checked, such as the effect of TiO2, solar or UV-lamp light and pH. Disinfection of water samples has been achieved employing both UV-lamp and solar light in agreement with data shown by other authors. The higher disinfection rates obtained employing an UV-lamp may be explained by the stronger incident light intensity. Nevertheless no consistent differences have been found between TiO2-photocatalysis and direct solar or UV-lamp light irradiation at natural sample pH (7.8). At pH 5 the presence of TiO2 increases the relative inactivation rate compared with the absence of the catalyst. After the photocatalytic bacterial inactivation, the later bacterial reappearance was checked for total coliforms at natural pH and pH 5, with and without TiO2. Two h after the photocatalytic treatment, CFU increment was almost nill. But 24 and 48 h later an important bacterial CFU increment was observed. This CFU increment is slower after irradiation with TiO2 at pH 5 in non-air-purged samples. 相似文献
393.
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in the form of potassium dichromate was photochemically reduced to trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] in aqueous solutions containing glycerol. This reaction occurred rapidly during irradiation with either unfiltered sunlight or a UVA-emitting light source. Photochemical reduction of Cr(VI) was pH-dependent and did not occur in dilute solutions of sodium hydroxide. In acidified solutions, the reduction occurred at elevated rates and at lower concentrations of glycerol. This reaction was found to be dependent on the unsubstituted alcohol groups of glycerol since alpha-phosphoglycerol and beta-phosphoglycerol did not support the photochemical reduction of Cr(VI). These findings suggest that glycerol or related polyols can be used for the remediation of hexavalent (toxic) chromium at contaminated environmental sites. 相似文献
394.
Choi JH Kim YH Joo DJ Choi SJ Ha TW Lee DH Park IH Jeong YS 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2003,53(1):92-101
The characteristics of ammonia removal by two types of biofilter (a standard biofilter with vertical gas flow and a modified biofilter with horizontal gas flow) were investigated. A mixture of organic materials such as compost, bark, and peat was used as the biofilter media based on the small-scale column test for media selection. Complete removal capacity, defined as the maximum inlet load of ammonia that was completely removed, was obtained. The modified biofilter showed complete removal up to 1.0 g N/kg dry material/day. However, the removal capacity of the standard biofilter started to deviate from complete removal around 0.4 g N/kg dry material/day, indicating that the modified biofilter system has higher removal efficiency than the standard upflow one. In kinetic analysis of the biological removal of ammonia in each biofilter system, the maximum removal rate, Vm, was 0.93 g N/kg dry material/day and the saturation constant, Ks, was 32.55 ppm in the standard biofilter. On the other hand, the values of Vm and Ks were 1.66 g N/kg dry material/day and 74.25 ppm, respectively, in the modified biofilter system. 相似文献
395.
Dahe Jiang Yang Zhang Xiang Hu Yun Zeng Jianguo Tan Demin Shao 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2004,38(40):7055
An air pollution index (API) reporting system is introduced to selected cities of China for public communication on air quality data. Shanghai is the first city in China providing daily average API reports and forecasts. This paper describes the development of an artificial neural network (ANN) model for the API forecasting in Shanghai. It is a multiple layer perceptron (MLP) network, with meteorological forecasting data as the main input, to output the next day average API values. However, the initial version of the MLP model did not work well. To improve the model, a series of tests were conducted with respect to the training method and structure optimization. Based on the test results, the training algorithm was modified and a new model was built. The new model is now being used in Shanghai for API forecasting. Its performance is shown reasonably well in comparison with observation. The application of the old model was only weakly correlated with observation. In 1-year application, the correlation coefficients were 0.2314, 0.1022 and 0.1710 for TSP, SO2 and NOx, respectively. But for the new model, for over 8 months application, the correlation coefficients are raised to 0.6056, 0.6993 and 0.6300 for PM10, SO2, and NO2. Further, the new algorithm does not rely on manpower intervention so that it is now being applied in several other Chinese cities with quite different meteorological conditions. The structure of the model and the application results are presented in this paper and also the problems to be further studied. 相似文献
396.
环境中手性污染物对映体选择性行为的研究历史不长 ,但由于手性化合物对映体生物活性的差异性 ,手性污染物在环境中的对映体选择性行为已愈来愈引起人们的关注。本文对近 10多年来手性污染物的环境行为研究进行全面评述 相似文献
397.
石灰湿法脱硫过程中pH条件对结垢的影响研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
针对石灰湿法脱硫中存在的结垢问题,在鼓泡床中模拟了石灰湿法脱硫过程,通过分析液相的组成,结合反应机理探讨了pH对结垢的影响。结果表明,当pH控制在6.0~4.0时,既能避免结垢,又能获得较高的脱硫率。提出了实际中预测结垢倾向的方法。 相似文献
398.
介绍了2种不同等离子体发生区和不同测量距离对等离子体发生区沿面蓝光中紫外光的波长和相对光强的影响,所测的臭氧发生量大的等离子体发生区的紫外光的相对光强高,测量距离与相对光强呈指数关系,并且等离子体发生区沿面蓝光具有光催化作用. 相似文献
399.
400.
活性炭纤维吸附废水中对硝基苯酚及其脱附研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
采用新型高效吸附剂——活性炭纤维吸附废水中对硝基苯酚,对其吸附和脱附影响因素进行了较详细的研究,确定了最佳工艺参数,并对动态吸附一脱附进行了稳定性实验。在最佳的吸附条件下,装填4g活性炭纤维可处理含对硝基苯酚1000mg/L的废水1400mL,出水对硝基苯酚浓度〈2mg/L,达到国家综合污水一级排放标准,活性炭纤维有效吸附量可达349.87mg/g。在最佳脱附条件下,脱附率〉99%,并可从高浓度脱附液中回收对硝基苯酚。稳定性实验表明,吸附-脱附性能稳定,采用活性炭纤维吸附处理对硝基苯酚废水是一种行之有效的处理方法。 相似文献