An analysis of the developmental differences in Borneo’s Southeastern and Northwestern Coastal Zones

In this research, Landsat TM images were used to extract the land use information for Borneo’s coastal zones (0 to 35 km) during three time periods (1990, 2000, and 2010). Then, in combination with the DEM and shoreline types, the developmental differences under the influences of the geographical boundaries of the Borneo coastal zones were examined from such perspectives as the spatial distribution characteristics of the land development, sea-land gradient variation characteristics, and comparative analyses of the different regions. The results indicated that the geographic boundaries, as well as the different countries, had great influences on the development of the coastal zones. The regions with the most active development in Borneo’s coastal zones were mainly located in the estuary bay, onshore with land on both sides, and the near-shore alluvial plain with DEM?<?50 m. The northwestern coast zone showed relatively flat topography, and was close to an important international waterway. Therefore, the development in this area was found to be more intense than in the southeastern coastal zone, and which was characterized by a long developmental history. On one side of the geographical boundary, the development was also found to differ among the different countries. Malaysia was observed to be dominated by industrial plantations. Meanwhile, the industrial plantations, agriculture, and aquaculture in Indonesia were significantly increased, which was closely linked with the national economic policies. Furthermore, the development of Borneo’s coastal zones has led to vegetation degradation towards a constant inland development, plantation enlargements, agricultural development, and cleared and burnt areas, which have resulted in the land use transfer of 22,000 km² of forest land within the 0 to 35 km range.     

气喷旋冲烟气脱硫装置运行关键控制

气喷旋冲湿式石灰石-石膏法烧结烟气脱硫装置(XPB)是宝钢针对烧结烟气特性自主研发的新型脱硫技术,较详细论述该系统稳定、经济运行的关键控制:增压风机风门或叶轮的控制、吸收塔进气箱温度的控制、吸收塔反应池pH值的控制、曝气管浸没深度的控制等。     

Shell shape variation in populations of Mytilus chilensis (Hupe 1854) from southern Chile: a geometric morphometric approach

The pattern of shell shape variation in populations of the mussel, Mytilus chilensis (Hupe 1854) from Southern Chile was analyzed as a function of sample origin (cultivated vs. wild) and latitude, using standard tools of geometric morphometrics for landmark data. Additionally, posterior adductor muscle index (PAMI), Freeman condition index and shell thickness were measured in each sample. Highly significant differences in shell shape components were found among mussel populations. These differences are related to the origin of samples (expansion of the posterior adductor muscle scar, elongation of the lateral ligament and of the ventral umbo position in non-cultivated samples) and to latitude (more elongated shells and more extended posterior adductor muscle scar in most southern samples when compared with the northernmost ones). PAMI and shell thickness were statistically higher in wild population, and Freeman condition index was higher in cultivated shells. It is suggested that in wild populations of M. chilensis, the mussels may face higher predator pressures and other environmental stress factors. Consequently, individuals may be using higher energy fraction to reinforce shells and to promote adductor muscle growth at the expense of somatic growth. In contrast, individuals found in calm aquaculture environments are relatively protected from predators and use most of their assimilated energy in somatic growth. In turn, this growth depends on changes that covariate with shell morphology.     

白洋淀流域水资源管理中的公众参与分析及评价

有效的公众参与是提高流域水资源管理效率和流域综合管理成功的关键因素. 选取白洋淀流域的典型城市模块(保定市)、乡村模块(涞水县)及水敏感区(安新县)进行研究,综合采用问卷调查、利益群体访谈和专家咨询等方法,对政府管理人员、流域居民的环境意识及水资源管理参与现状进行了分析评价,比较与评估了政府及相关利益群体的环境知识、环境满意度、信息流通渠道、参与意愿、实际参与度、政府行为及其公众认知度和接受度. 结果表明:公众参与水资源管理的现状是水敏感区的参与效果好于城镇模块,且城镇模块好于乡村模块;公众获取环境知识与环境信息的途径主要以亲身感受与媒体宣传的被动接受形式为主;参与途径不畅通,实际参与度低于有参与意愿的比例,参与意愿不确定性高;公众对于政府行为的认知度为41.3%,接受度仅为19%;管理者对于公众参与在水资源管理中作用的认识仍有待提高,参与活动以宣传教育为主,缺乏整体考虑及上下游沟通与设计,缺乏全过程参与,居民尚未形成共同认可的流域价值观. 建议加强全过程参与、环保民间团体的作用以及学校环境教育.      

中国典型湖泊沉积物中脂肪烃的分布特征及来源

以我国13个典型湖泊的表层沉积物为研究对象,对沉积物的w(TOC)和w(TN)的分布特征进行了报道.结果显示,西南、华南地区湖泊沉积物的w(TOC)和w(TN)要高于西北地区,华东地区湖泊沉积物最低.结合多个脂肪烃来源参数,初步探讨了13个典型湖泊表层沉积物中脂肪烃的分布特征及来源. 结果表明:湛江玛珥湖、四海龙湾、洱海、红枫湖和程海受脂肪烃污染严重,鄱阳湖和双塔水库受脂肪烃污染程度最轻;受水体高矿化度的影响,双塔水库沉积物中有机质的δ13C值明显偏正;湛江玛珥湖中来自自身固氮藻类的脂肪烃含量明显高,致使湛江玛珥湖沉积物的δ15N值明显低;由于四海龙湾特殊的地理环境,四海龙湾沉积物中来自陆源木本植物的w(C_27+C29)明显高.      

非离子表面活性剂淋洗萘污染土壤的修复研究

采用土柱实验研究了非离子表面活性剂对焦化厂萘污染砂土的淋洗效果,同时研究了超声预处理对非离子表面活性剂土壤淋洗的增强效果及粉土和粘土对非离子表面活性剂土壤淋洗的不利影响.研究表明,1)1g·L-1的TritonX-100、AEO-9和Tween80对同一萘浓度(192.4mg·kg-1)的土壤洗脱效率分别为73.0%、81.5%和59.0%,2g·L-1的表面活性剂的洗脱效率要高于1g·L-1的洗脱率,分别为96.5%、95.1%和88.2%.2)对土壤进行短时超声处理(80Hz)促进了洗脱率的提高,超声10min的淋洗效果要高于超声5min的淋洗效果;土壤分别经5min和10min超声处理后,2g·L-1浓度的TritonX-100对萘的洗脱率从94%分别提高到98.8%和99.6%,洗脱时间从255min分别减少到172min和160min.3)砂土中含有粉土和粘土对洗脱效果有不利影响,且粘土的影响要更严重,当萘污染的砂土混入5%的粘土时,2g·L-1浓度的TritonX-100对萘的洗脱率从94.7%下降至73.8%,洗脱时间从255min增加至605min,而混入20%的粉土洗脱率仅下降到88.4%,洗脱时间增加至512min.     

Human dietary intake and excretion of dioxin-like compounds

Human dietary intake and excretion of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and biphenyls (PCBs)--collectively referred to as dioxin-like compounds (DLCs)--were investigated. Two groups of seven subjects were studied during 1999 and 2000: one aged 23.9 +/- 4.5 years, the other aged 49.4 +/- 5.2 years. For each subject, two week-long experiments were held. In one, omnivorous diets were administered, whilst in the other, a vegan diet was studied. While exposures via the omnivorous diets exceeded those via the vegan diet on a sigmaWHO-TEQ basis; for some subjects sigmaPCB exposures were comparable in both diets, implying that plant-based foods can make an appreciable contribution to exposure to sigmaPCB. For all subjects, the average dietary exposure during the omnivorous trial to PCDD/Fs and PCBs combined (expressed as WHO-TEQ) was--at 1.09 pg kg(-1) bw d(-1)--lower than recent UK "food-basket" estimates. For the same diet, the average sigmaPCB exposure for all subjects was--at 5.01 microg person(-1) d(-1)--higher than recent UK "food-basket" estimates, but consistent with recent estimates for other industrialised countries. Net absorption/excretion but not faecal excretion rates of DLCs were related to dietary intakes. Furthermore, excretion rates of the most persistent DLCs--i.e. PCB #s 138, 153, and 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD--were statistically significantly greater for the older subjects. Combined, these data imply that excretion rate is dependent on body burden, and that the majority of DLCs in human faeces arise from endogenous excretion.     

电催化氧化技术处理造纸废水的实验研究

通过邻苯二甲酸氢钾(KHP)溶液的电解实验研究了德国引进的金属铌掺硼金刚石膜电极(Nb/BDD)的电化学性质,并利用该电极处理装置处理了东莞某造纸厂造纸废水。考察了电解时间、电流强度及废水的pH值、电解质的浓度、电导率等参数对电化学降解效率的影响。结果表明,Nb/BDD具有优异的污水降解性能,在pH值为3.0,电流密度为37.23 mA/cm2,电压6.9 V,NaCl充当电解质质量浓度0.4 g/L的条件下,电解200 min,装置对再生纸造纸废水的COD的去除率接近70%,BOD/COD为0.4,比能耗为27.6(kW.h/kg)。     

Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Investigations on Groundwater Salinization in the Datong Basin,Northern China1

Abstract: Analyses of major elements, environmental isotope ratios (δ¹⁸O, δ²H), and PHREEQC inverse modeling investigations were conducted to understand the processes controlling the salinization of groundwater within the Datong Basin. The hydrochemical results showed that groundwater with high total dissolved solid (TDS) concentrations was dominated by sodium bicarbonate (Na‐HCO₃), sodium chlorite (Na‐Cl), and sodium sulfate (Na‐SO₄) type waters, whereas low‐TDS groundwater from near mountain areas was dominated by calcium bicarbonate (Ca‐HCO₃) and magnesium bicarbonate (Mg‐HCO₃) type waters. The characterization of the major components of groundwater and PHREEQC inverse modeling indicated that the aluminosilicate hydrolysis, cation exchange, and dissolution of evaporites (halite, mirabilite, and gypsum) governed the salinization of groundwater within the Datong Basin. The environmental isotope (δ¹⁸O, δ²H) and Cl^?/Br^? ratios revealed the impact of fast vertical recharge by irrigation returns and salt‐flushing water on the groundwater salinization. According to the analyses of major hydrochemical components and PHREEQC inverse modeling, evaporite dissolution associated with irrigation and salt‐flushing practice was probably the dominant controlling factor for the groundwater salinization, especially in the central part of the basin. Therefore, groundwater pumping for irrigation and salt‐flushing should be controlled to protect groundwater quality in this area.     

改进的稳健统计技术在排水检测人员技能评价中的应用

目前排水检测行业中仍缺乏对技术人员进行技能评价的方法,或虽有评价方法,但方法存在不尽规范、合理等问题。稳健统计技术作为能力验证试验中广泛使用的结果评价方法,可消除异常数据的影响,使评价结果准确可靠。将稳健统计技术改进,作为技能评价要素中的一个分量,按照操作的准确性、规范性与熟练性三个方面评价排水检测人员检测数据结果,可以较科学、合理地反映检测人员的技能水平,为提高检测工作质量和实验室管理起到一定的借鉴作用。