北方地区市政污水氨氮强化处理技术研究

污水中氨氮的处理较为困难,在寒冷地区冬季生物脱氮效果几乎为零.本文从反应机理和影响因素研究入手,探讨低温季节强化处理措施、生物脱氮运行参数,最后确定了处理工艺流程,及其经济分析结果.     

高铁氧化去除饮用水中邻氯苯酚的研究

采用自制的固体高铁酸钾作为氧化剂，研究高铁对水中微量邻氯苯酚的去除效果及主要影响因素。结果表明，当水中邻氯苯酚的含量为4mg/L时，加入60mg/L的K2FeO4氧化处理10min，对邻氯苯酚的去除率可达99．3％。取得高铁酸钾对邻氯苯酚的最佳氧化去除效果的pH范围为9－10，高铁氧化邻氯苯酚近似的二级动力学反应。     

绿色环保的家用电站

随着城市的规模越来越大,城市电网的负荷也越来越大,尽管各地的大城市每年都在建立新的电网,但是还是有供不应求的趋势.美国一些大城市多次因为某些偶然事故大规模停电,或许某一天,我们身边也会出现这样的现象.此时,如果我们自己家里有一个小型的发电站,或许可以缓解停电带来的不便.更为重要的是,家用电站往往利用绿色能源来发电,经济而且环保.     

基于两种不同计算模型的丹河水环境容量分析

以水环境功能区区划为基础，进行了丹河流域水系特征、水文特征和入河污染源现状调查，在此基础上，对丹河流域各排污口的排放量及污染物进行分析，以流域各功能区应达到的水质目标和恢复其应有的自然功能为依据，建立一雏稳态条件下水环境容量计算两种的模型：完全混合水环境容量模型解析解和非线性衰减、多点容量计算模型，计算出流城内水环境容量。以此为依据可对排入丹河污染物的量进行控制，为总量控制提供了较适用的方法。     

大亚湾海域海水中各种形态磷的研究

根据 1999年 5月 (春季 )的调查 ,统计了大亚湾海域海水微表层、次表层、表层和底层水中各种形态P的含量 ,计算了各种形态P分别占总磷 (TP)和总溶解磷 (TDP)的百分比 ,讨论了各种形态P之间的相互关系 ,分析了影响颗粒磷 (PP)和溶解磷 (TDP)分布的环境因素。结果表明 ,大多数站位微表层对各种形态P产生了富集 ,但是富集概率有所差别 ;大亚湾海域水中P ,除微表层主要以PP形态存在外 ,其余水层均主要以TDP形态存在 ,TDP在所有水层中均以DOP为主要存在形态 ;各个水层中PP是影响TP分布变化的主要因素 :影响PP在微表层、次表层和表层分布变化的主要环境因素为COD ,在底层则为叶绿素a与COD的叠加 ;影响TDP在微表层和底层分布变化的主要环境因素为盐度 ,在次表层和表层则为COD。     

黑褐新糠虾的急性毒性测试方法及在钻井液毒性评价中的作用

于1992年开始在青岛胶州湾西海岸采集黑褐新糠虾（Neomysis awatschensis）并进行实验室的长期驯化培养，在实验室内以4－6d的蚴虾为实验材料，研究了黑褐新糠虾的急性毒性测试方法。比较了黑褐新糠虾和美国一种标准毒性测试实验生物巴西拟糠虾的分类学地位、地理分布和形态，以及标准毒物的敏感性。根据研究结果,建议将黑褐新糠虾作为我国的一种标准毒性测试的实验生物，并将该该方法应用于钻井液及其添加剂的毒性评价，本文将报道以上研究结果及该方法在几种钻井液及添加剂中的毒性评价结果。     

文山州畜禽养殖业污染现状调查研究

对文山州2002年畜禽养殖业污染现状进行了调查,针对畜禽养殖污染存在的问题,提出了畜禽养殖污染防治的对策措施和建议.     

Effects of common inorganic anions on the rates of photocatalytic degradation of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate over illuminated titanium dioxide

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｉｎｃｅｅａｒｌｙ 1 990ｓ,ｔｈｅｒｅｍｅｄｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆｗａｔｅｒｏｒｇａｎｉｃｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈａｄｖａｎｃｅｄｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｈａｓａｒｏｕｓｅｄａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｓｆｒｏｍｗｏｒｌｄｗｉｄｅ(Ｄ’Ｏｌｉｖｅｉｒａ ,1 990 ;Ｏｌｌｉｓ ,1 991 ;Ｈｉｄａｋａ ,1 995;Ｓｕｎａｄａ,1 998;Ｔａｎａｋａ ,2 0 0 0 ) .Ｒｅｍａｒｋａｂｌｅｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｈａｓｂｅｅｎｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｏｖｅｒｔｈｅａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｈｏｔｏｃａｔａｌｙｚｅｄｏｘ…     

Exploring the abundance and influencing factors of antimicrobial resistance genes in manure plasmidome from swine farms

Plasmids play a critical role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), however, a systematical understanding of ARGs originated from plasmids in swine production is currently lacking. Herein, quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied to determine the prevalence of ten ARGs and the class1 integron gene intI1 of plasmid source in swine manure from 44 farms in Sichuan, Hubei and Hebei provinces, China. All assayed ARGs were observed in plasmid DNA samples, and the average absolute abundance of aac(6’)-Ib-cr, bla_NDM, bla_CTX-M, optrA, ermB, floR, mcr-1, qnrS, tetM, sul1 and intI1 were 7.09, 2.90, 4.67, 6.62, 7.55, 7.14, 4.08, 4.85, 7.16, 7.11 and 8.07 of 10 log copies/gram, respectively. IntI1 showed a high correlation (r > 0.8, P < 0.01) with the abundance of aac(6’)-Ib-cr and sul1 in swine manure. Moreover, the farm scale (i.e., herd population) and geographical location were not found to be critical factors influencing the absolute abundance of ARGs of plasmid DNA in swine farms. However, the concentrations of florfenicol, Cu, Zn, Fe, total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) demonstrated a significant correlation with the abundance of several ARGs. Particularly, Cu and Zn had high correlations with optrA and bla_CTX-M, respectively. Our results demonstrated that antibiotics, heavy metals and environmental nutrients are likely jointly contributing to the long-term persistence of ARGs in swine production. This study provides insights into the abundance and influencing factors of ARGs from swine manure, which is of significance for assessing and reducing the public health risks in livestock production.     

Electrically enhanced photodegradation of an azodye(Acid Orange Ⅱ) using a Pt/TiO2 film electrode irradiating with an UV lamp

A photoelectrochemical process in the degradation of an azodye(Acid Orange II)on a Pt/TiO2 film electrode was investigated.By using the glass device and the voltage stabilized source of direct current,decolorization ratios higher than 78% were observed during a period of 5h.Comparing this value with the sum of the decolorization ratios obtained by a sole application of electrochemical(lower than 3%)and photochemical(about 23%)procedures, a significant synergic effect between both processes was observed.The effects of adscititious voltage and pH value on the decolorization ratios were obvious while the effect of the amount of aeration was minor.