预处理-水解酸化-厌氧-好氧工艺对玉米淀粉废水有机污染物的降解

采用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)、三维荧光光谱(EEM)等检测手段分析预处理/水解酸化/厌氧/好氧组合工艺对玉米淀粉废水有机污染物的降解情况。结果表明,竖流沉淀预处理阶段对TOC平均去除率36.7%,废水中主要为芳烃、烷烯烃以及杂环类物质,EEM产生的5个荧光峰均为芳香蛋白类有机物;水解酸化阶段大部分杂环以及芳烃类有机物水解成有机酸和醇类物质,TOC平均去除率22.7%;厌氧阶段TOC平均去除率最高,达到97.8%,废水中以芳烃和烷烯烃为主,荧光峰减少至2个且强度减弱;好氧阶段TOC平均去除率为61.3%,有机物主要为难降解的长链烷烃物质,芳香蛋白类有机物荧光峰全部消失,新生成了与微生物代谢相关的腐殖酸类物质。     

化学氧化技术在地下水修复中的应用

近年来,化学氧化技术在地下水修复中得到了很大的关注。本研究对比了Fenton试剂、过硫酸钠、高锰酸钾及次氯酸钠4种常见的氧化剂对农药厂地下水中污染物的去除效果、地下水的pH和氧化还原电位(ORP)的变化的影响。结果表明,Fenton试剂和活化的过硫酸钠对此农药厂地下水各种污染物的去除率最高,两者对其中污染物都能达到80%以上的去除率,但在一定程度上会使地下水的pH降低;高锰酸钾和次氯酸钠对污染物的去除率都能达60%以上。其中高锰酸钾对地下水的pH影响不大;次氯酸钠对氯甲苯没有去除效果,对溴苯的去除率也较低,而且会使地下水的碱性过强。在地下水样中加入4种氧化剂后,会使水样的ORP立即升高。     

中国工业水污染及其成因的de Bruyn模型分析

选取废水、挥发酚、氰化物、COD、石油类和氨氮为中国工业水污染指标,利用分解分析方法将2004—2010年间的污染变化分解为规模效应、结构效应、污染治理效应、清洁技术效应和广义技术效应。结果显示,这5类效应的平均作用强度分别为2.08%、3.04%、15.61%、17.37%和32.88%,其中规模效应和广义技术效应是影响工业水污染的主导效应。各类效应对不同污染物的作用方向并不完全一致,规模效应促进污染物排放量的增加;结构效应以加重污染为主,污染治理效应和清洁技术效应以减轻污染为主;广义技术效应的平均作用强度和负向作用概率均最大,是现阶段中国工业水污染控制最为有效的手段。     

Occurrence and fate of hormone steroids in the environment

Hormone steroids are a group of endocrine disruptors, which are excreted by humans and animals. In this paper, we briefly review the current knowledge on the fate of these steroids in the environment. Natural estrogenic steroids estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) all have a solubility of approximately 13 mg/l, whereas synthetic steroids 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and mestranol (MeEE2) have a solubility of 4.8 and 0.3 mg/l, respectively. These steroids have a moderate binding on sediments and are reported to degrade rapidly in soil and water. Estrogenic steroids have been detected in effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs) in different countries at concentrations ranging up to 70 ng/l for E1, 64 ng/l for E2, 18 ng/l for E3 and 42 ng/l for EE2. E2 concentrations in river waters from Japan, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands ranged up to 27 ng/l. In addition, E2 concentrations ranging from 6 to 66 ng/l have also been measured in mantled karst aquifers in northwest Arkansas. This contamination of ground water has been associated with poultry litter and cattle manure waste applied on the land. Although hormone steroids have been detected at a number of sources worldwide, currently, there is limited data on the environmental behaviour and fate of these hormone steroids in different environmental media. Consequently, the exposure and risk associated with these chemicals are not adequately understood.     

化工业清洁生产技术措施分析

化工业是导致环境污染的主要产业.当前,我国的化工产业所采用的生产方式仍然是传统的粗放式生产,给我国的生态环境带来了很大的压力.在这种情况下,除了转变生产方式之外,最有效的方法就是采用清洁生产技术.文章通过在化工业生产中使用清洁原料、使用清洁化学反应、使用清洁反应介质、使用清洁水处理技术等多个方面,对化工业清洁生产技术进行了系统性的分析,为广大化工业研究、生产人员提供了参考.     

Occurrence and treatment trials of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in wastewaters

This study demonstrates that both synthetic and natural endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) (e.g., bisphenol A, estrone and 17beta-estradiol) were found in the crude wastewaters from two wastewater treatment works (WwTWs). Conventional biological processes can lower EDCs concentrations to several tens to hundreds ngl(-1). Since natural EDCs (e.g., estrone and 17beta-estradiol) have biological activity and adverse impact on the environment at extremely low concentrations (several tens of ngl(-1)), further treatment after conventional biological processes is required. Preliminary trials with ferrate(VI) and electrochemical oxidation process demonstrated that both processes can effectively reduce EDCs to very low levels, ranging between 10 and 100ngl(-1), but the former is more effective than the latter to reduce COD concentration in wastewater for given studying conditions.     

秸秆成型燃料锅炉污染物排放规律试验研究

根据锅炉烟尘测试方法(GB 5468-91)及锅炉大气污染物排放标准(GB 13271-2001),在不同风门的工况下,分别对设计的双层炉排秸秆成型燃料锅炉污染物排放规律进行试验.试验表明,在较好工况下,双层炉排锅炉排烟中CO等中间产物及烟尘含量低于单层炉排锅炉,其排烟中CO、NOx、SO2和烟尘浓度等指标远远低于燃煤锅炉,符合国家关于工业锅炉大气污染物排放标准要求,有较好环保效益.     

城市旅游区暴雨径流污染过程中的不透水面效应

选取武汉市动物园4种典型的不透水面暴雨径流污染特征进行了系统的研究,以期为旅游区面源污染危害评价和治理提供基本的依据.结果表明,动物园4种不透水面初期径流污染物浓度很高,COD最大值达1140 mg/L,下垫面类型及地表累积污染物是影响径流水质的主要因素.通过无量纲累积曲线的分析,表明旅游区不透水面径流初期冲刷严重,该曲线还为面源治理提供了重要的工程参数.     

交联壳聚糖冠醚的合成及其对金属离子的吸附性能

本文合成了交联壳聚糖苯并－１５－冠－５醚和交联壳聚糖苯并－１８－冠－６醚,研究了它们对Ａｇ（Ⅰ）Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）,Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）,Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）,Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）等金属离子的吸附性能和选择性,实验结果表明：无论是在单一金属离子体系还是在二元或三元金属离子体系中,ＣＣＴＳ－ＢＸ和ＣＣＴＳ－ＢＹ对Ａｇ（Ⅰ）和Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）者有较高的吸附选择性。