Individual preparedness and mitigation actions for a predicted earthquake in Istanbul

This study investigated the process of taking action to mitigate damage and prepare for an earthquake at the individual level. Its specific aim was to identify the factors that promote or inhibit individuals in this process. The study was conducted in Istanbul, Turkey—where an earthquake is expected soon—in May and June 2006 using qualitative methods. Within our conceptual framework, three different patterns emerged among the study subjects. Outcome expectancy, helplessness, a low socioeconomic level, a culture of negligence, a lack of trust, onset time/poor predictability, and normalisation bias inhibit individuals in this process, while location, direct personal experience, a higher education level, and social interaction promote them. Drawing on these findings, the paper details key points for better disaster communication, including whom to mobilise to reach target populations, such as individuals with direct earthquake experience and women.     

温度、pH值及盐度对龙须眼子菜吸附镉、铅的影响

以龙须眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)干样为材料,研究了不同温度、pH值和盐度对龙须眼子菜吸附镉、铅离子的影响.结果表明,不同温度及不同pH值下龙须眼子菜对镉吸附符合Langmuir模型,对铅的吸附符合Freundlich模型.与5 ℃、10 ℃、30 ℃处理相比,20 ℃时龙须眼子菜对镉、铅的吸附能力较强.当其它条件不变时,在pH值为3～7的范围内,龙须眼子菜对镉的吸附随pH值升高而增加,对铅的吸附随pH值升高而减少.在0.5～10 g·L-1的盐度范围内,随着溶液盐度的增加龙须眼子菜对镉吸附减少,但对铅的吸附却增加.龙须眼子菜是一种对镉、铅有很强的吸附能力的沉水植物,对温度、酸碱度、盐度适应范围也很广,因而可作为生物吸附剂用于含镉、含铅废水的处理.     

Interaction of short-term testosterone treatment with osmotic acclimation in the gilthead sea bream <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sparus auratus</Emphasis>

To assess the interaction between testosterone (T) treatment and acclimation to different salinities, seawater-acclimated gilthead sea bream (Sparus auratus) were implanted with slow-release coconut oil implants alone (control) or containing T (5 μg/g body mass). After 5 days, eight fish of control and T-treated groups were sampled. The same day, eight fish of each group were transferred to low salinity water (LSW, 6 ppt, hypoosmotic test), seawater (SW, 38 ppt, control test) and high salinity water (HSW, 55 ppt, hyperosmotic test) and sampled 9 days later. Gill Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity increased in HSW-acclimated fish with respect to SW- and LSW-acclimated fish in both control and T-treated groups. Kidney Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity was also enhanced in HSW-acclimated fish, but only in T-treated group. From a metabolic point of view, most of the changes observed can be attributed to the action of salinity and T treatment alone, since few interactions between T treatment and osmotic acclimation to different salinities were observed. Those interactions included in treated fish: in the liver, decreased capacity in using glucose in fish acclimated to extreme salinities; in the gills, decreased capacity in using amino acids in HSW; in the kidneys increased capacity in using amino acids in extreme salinities; and in the brain, decreased glycogen and acetoacetate levels of fish in LSW.     

分子结构在腐殖酸对菲吸附行为中的影响

用连续碱提取具有不同结构组成特征的腐殖酸级分,考察了分子结构在腐殖酸对菲吸附行为中的影响,结果表明：随着腐殖酸中元素碳、表观分子量以及脂肪碳含量的增加,腐殖酸对菲的吸附能力和吸附的非线性特征都呈增强趋势;相反,随着腐殖酸中元素氧和芳香碳含量的增加,腐殖酸对菲的吸附能力和吸附的非线性都逐渐减弱,这主要与结构中极性官能团所连位置有关．     

燃煤氟中毒地区民用高氟煤的氟释放规律

实验室模拟实验和农户家中的现场测定表明,室内空气氟含量与民用煤的氟含量呈正相关趋势(R=0.612, p<0.01);但在民用炉燃烧温度条件下的煤氟释放率却与煤氟含量无关.在200～1200℃范围内,煤氟释放率随温度的变化曲线呈"S"型,即300℃时开始逐渐上升,700℃前较低,最高不超过31%,700℃至1000℃之间,则释放率迅速上升,随后较为缓慢,到1100℃至1200℃时,释放率接近100%,其整个释放曲线可用Logistic方程来拟合.总体上,煤氟释放与煤氟的存在状态和煤中的矿物及化学组成有关,贵州烟煤、无烟煤氟的燃烧释放要比陕南石煤更快,前者的释放率在1100℃时就接近100%,而后者则到1200℃时才释放完全.民用炉的燃烧温度最高为1000℃左右,这时贵州烟煤、无烟煤样品的平均氟释放率为86.9%,而陕南石煤样品的平均氟释放率为80.6%.     

基于灰色欧几里德理论的输电线路路径方案优选

针对输电线路建设项目相应的特点,构建输电线路路径方案优选评价指标体系,运用层次分析法和熵权法来确定评价指标的组合权重,改进传统的灰色关联分析理论,建立基于灰色欧几里德加权关联度理论的方案优选模型, 进行输电线路路径方案优选,同时结合某工程实.例进行验证。结果表明,通过灰色欧几里德优选方法得到的方案A3为最优方案。     

Ecological risk assessment of metal and hydrocarbon pollution in sediments from an urban tropical estuary: Tijuca lagoon (Rio de Janeiro,Brazil)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Urban tropical lagoons are often impacted by eutrophication, metal, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination, but the toxicity of their...     

Green synthesis silver nanoparticles Bougainvillea glabra Choisy/LED light with high catalytic activity in the removal of methylene blue aqueous solution

In this study, we evaluated, in a pioneering way, the influence of wavelengths from the decomposition of white light on the production and physicochemical properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Bearing in mind a process of green synthesis, an extract of the bracts of Bougainvillea glabra Choisy (BgC) was used, a species native to tropical and subtropical regions and frequently used in ornamentation, possessing in its photochemical composition, biomolecules capable of acting as reducing agents for convert Ag⁺ to Ag⁰. We used light-emitting diodes (LED) to obtain the desired wavelengths (violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, and red) in the test called rainbow, and we evaluated the obtaining of AgNPs compared to white LED light, nature, and absence of light. In the rainbow assay, we obtained a gradual increase in the intensity of the plasmonic band resonance from the red wavelength (0.124 ± 0.067 a.u.) to violet (0.680 ± 0.199 a.u.), indicating a higher reaction yield in obtaining AgNPs. Smaller hydrodynamic sizes (approximately 150 nm) at more energetic wavelengths (violet, blue, and green) about less energetic wavelengths (yellow, orange, and red) (approximately 400 nm) were obtained. Analysis by SEM microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction indicates the presence of silver nanoparticles in all LED colors used together with white LED light and Laboratory light (natural light). Due to the high environmental demand to remove pollutants from water sources, including textile dyes, we applied AgNPs/BgC to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from an aqueous solution. A minimum removal percentage greater than 65%, with emphasis on formulations synthesized by the colors of violet LED (84.27 ± 2.65%) and orange LED (85.91 ± 1.95%), was obtained.

     

Land cover along hiking trails in a nature tourism destination: the Azores as a case study

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Tourists have become increasingly interested in certain aspects of their destination, including landscape and biodiversity elements, thereby promoting...     

The impact of social media marketing strategies on promoting sustainability of tourism with fuzzy cognitive mapping: a case of Kalanggaman Island (Philippines)

Environment, Development and Sustainability - The current literature has espoused the role of social media platforms in promoting tourism destinations. Despite such advances, limited works are...