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排序方式: 共有1630条查询结果,搜索用时 125 毫秒
971.
Valéria R. F. da Silva Sylvia F. Mitraud Maria L. C. P. Ferraz Eduardo H. S. M. Lima Maria Thereza D. Melo Armando J. B. Santos Augusto César C. D. da Silva Jaqueline C. de Castilhos Jamyle A. F. Batista Gustave G. Lopez Frederico Tognin João Carlos Thomé Cecília Baptistotte Berenice M. Gomes da Silva José Henrique Becker Juçara Wanderline Fernanda de Vasconcellos Pegas Gonzalo Róstan Guy Guagni dei Marcovaldi Maria Ângela G. dei Marcovaldi 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2016,18(6):1541-1558
In the 35 years since its inception, the Brazilian National Program for the Conservation of Marine Turtles (TAMAR) has had great success in protecting the five species of sea turtles that occur in Brazil. It has also contributed significantly to worldwide scientific data and knowledge about these species’ biology, such as life cycles and migration patterns. TAMAR’s conservation strategies have always relied on a variety of environmental education and social inclusion (EESI) activities highly adapted to the socio-environmental evolving contexts of its 25 locations distributed across nine states. Diversity and flexibility are critical to enable timely and effective local responses to existing or potential threats to sea turtles. The intuitive, locally adapted, decentralized, and independent way EESI activities have been carried out have generated positive results in the resolution of specific and evolving local problems through the course of the project. This article brings EESI under the same conceptual framework that underlies its conservation approach by adopting an adaptive threat management framework to organize and qualify its educational and social inclusion interventions according to the main categories of threat addressed by TAMAR. 相似文献
972.
973.
Tina Elersek Sara Milavec Maša Korošec Polona Brezovsek Noelia Negreira Bozo Zonja Miren López de Alda Damià Barceló Ester Heath Janez Ščančar Metka Filipič 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(15):14780-14790
The residues of antineoplastic drugs are considered as new and emerging pollutants in aquatic environments. Recent experiments showed relatively high toxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), imatinib mesylate (IM), etoposide (ET) and cisplatin (CP) that are currently among most widely used antineoplastic drugs, against phytoplankton species. In this study, we investigated the toxic potential of the mixture of 5-FU?+?IM?+?ET against green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and cyanobacterium Synechococcus leopoliensis, and the stability and sorption of these drugs to algal cells. Toxic potential of the mixture was predicted by the concepts of ‘concentration addition’ and ‘independent action’ and compared to the experimentally determined toxicity. In both test species, the measured toxicity of the mixture was at effects concentrations EC10–EC50 higher than the predicted, whereas at higher effect concentration (EC90), it was lower. In general, P. subcapitata was more sensitive than S. leopoliensis. The stability studies of the tested drugs during the experiment showed that 5-FU, IM and CP are relatively stable, whereas in the cultures exposed to ET, two transformation products with the same mass as ET but different retention time were detected. The measurements of the cell-linked concentrations of the tested compounds after 72 h exposure indicated that except for CP (1.9 % of the initial concentration), these drugs are not adsorbed or absorbed by algal cells. The results of this study showed that in alga and cyanobacteria exposure to the mixture of 5-FU?+?ET?+?IM, in particular at low effect concentration range, caused additive or synergistic effect on growth inhibition, and they suggest that single compound toxicity data are not sufficient for the proper toxicity prediction for aquatic primary producers. 相似文献
974.
Annabel Fernandes João Coelho Lurdes Ciríaco Maria José Pacheco Ana Lopes 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(24):24614-24623
Boron-doped diamond (BDD) and Ti/Pt/PbO2 anodes were utilized to perform the electrodegradation of synthetic samples containing humic acid in the presence of different organic and inorganic carbon-containing and nitrogen-containing compounds. The influence of the chloride ion in the degradation process of the different synthetic samples was also assessed. The results showed that the anodic oxidation process can efficiently degrade recalcitrant compounds such as humic acid. The presence of carbonate in solution enhances the nitrogen removal, whereas it hinders the oxidation of the organic compounds. When organic nitrogen is present, it is converted to NH4 +, which in turn is oxidized to nitrate and to volatile nitrogen compounds. Hydroxyl radicals are more prone to oxidize the organic nitrogen than the ammonium nitrogen. The presence of chloride enhances the organic matter and nitrogen removal rates, BDD being the anode material that yields the highest removals. 相似文献
975.
Stephen G. Perz Liliana Cabrera Lucas Araújo Carvalho Jorge Castillo Rosmery Chacacanta Rosa E. Cossio Yeni Franco Solano Jeffrey Hoelle Leonor Mercedes Perales Israel Puerta Daniel Rojas Céspedes Ioav Rojas Camacho Ad?o Costa Silva 《Regional Environmental Change》2012,12(1):35-53
Initiatives for global economic integration increasingly prioritize new infrastructure in relatively remote regions. Such regions have relatively intact ecosystems and provide valuable ecosystem services, which has stimulated debates over the wisdom of new infrastructure. Most prior research on infrastructure impacts highlights economic benefits, ecological damage, or social conflicts. We suggest a more integrative approach to regional integration by appropriating the concepts of connectivity from transport geography and social?Cecological resilience from systems ecology. Connectivity offers a means of observing the degree of integration between locations, and social?Cecological resilience provides a framework to simultaneously consider multiple consequences of regional integration. Together, they offer a spatial analysis of resilience that considers multiple dimensions of infrastructure impacts. Our study case is the southwestern Amazon, a highly biodiverse region which is experiencing integration via paving of the Inter-Oceanic Highway. Specifically, we focus on the ??MAP?? region, a tri-national frontier where Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru meet and which differs in the extent of highway paving. We draw on a tri-national survey of more than 100 resource-dependent rural communities across the MAP frontier and employ indicators for multiple dimensions of connectivity and social?Cecological resilience. We pursue a comparative analysis among regions and subregions with differing degrees of community connectivity to markets in order to evaluate their social?Cecological resilience. The findings indicate that connectivity and resilience have a multifaceted relationship, such that greater community connectivity corresponds to greater resilience in some respects but not others. We conclude by noting how our findings integrate those from heretofore largely disparate literatures on infrastructure. The integration of transport geography with resilience thought thus stands to advance the study of infrastructure impacts. 相似文献
976.
There is a lack of information regarding persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in soil from Slovakia. This paper reports the concentrations of 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) and 6 indicator PCBs associated with 32 soil samples collected in 2007 from areas in the vicinity up to several kilometres from four selected industrial PCDD/F sources in Slovakia and one background area.The results show that the total WHO1998-PCDD/F/dl-PCB-TEQ concentrations varied from 0.34 to 18.05 pg g−1 dry weight (dw) and the average total TEQ concentrations in samples collected at the Šala, Košice, Krompachy and Dubová areas were 3.18, 2.64, 7.80, and 3.19 pg g−1 dw respectively. The average of the total WHO1998-TEQ values in three soil samples representing the background Starina area was 0.66 pg g−1 dw. The predominant contaminants among 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs, dl-PCB, and indicator PCBs was OCDD, PCB 118, and PCB 153 respectively. The major contributors to the TEQ were 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, PCB 126, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, PCB 156 and 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF + 1,2,3,4,7,9-HxCDF in descending order. 相似文献
977.
Gaga EO Döğeroğlu T Ozden O Ari A Yay OD Altuğ H Akyol N Ornektekin S Van Doorn W 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(8):3579-3596
Concentrations of air pollutants, nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), ozone (O(3)), particulate matter (PM(2.5) and PM(10)), trace metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in 2008 and 2009 in the city of Eski?ehir, central Turkey. Spatial distributions of NO(2), SO(2), and ozone were determined by passive sampling campaigns carried out during two different seasons with fairly large spatial coverage. A basic population exposure assessment was carried out employing Geographical Information System techniques by combining population density maps with pollutant distribution maps of NO(2) and SO(2). It was found that 95 % of the population is exposed to NO(2) levels close to the World Health Organization guideline value. Regarding SO(2), a large proportion of the population (83 %) is exposed to levels above the WHO second interim target value. Concentrations of all the pollutants showed a seasonal pattern increasing in winter period, except for ozone having higher concentrations in summer season. Daily PM(10) and PM(2.5) concentrations exceeded European Union limit values almost every sampling day. Toxic fractions of the measured PAHs were calculated and approximately fourfold increase was observed in winter period. Copper, Pb, Sn, As, Cd, Zn, Sb, and Se were found to be moderately to highly enriched in PM(10) fraction, indicating anthropogenic input to those elements measured. Exposure assessment results indicate the need for action to reduce pollutant emissions especially in the city center. Passive sampling turns out to be a practical and economical tool for air quality assessment with large spatial coverage. 相似文献
978.
Land Degradation at the Stara Planina Ski Resort 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The environmental impacts of ski resorts in the Balkan region are great and can lead to landscape degradation and loss of
land functionality. In this study, we present an example of the negative effects of human activities at the Stara Planina
ski resort in southeastern Serbia. The objective of this study is detailed analysis of the characteristics of environmental
impacts at the Stara Planina. The management of the ski area and ski slope development caused severe degradation of topsoil
and native vegetation. The morphological characteristics of the area, lithological properties of the exposed material and
climate conditions resulted in various geomorphic impacts, including rills, deep gullies, solifluctions and debris from rock
weathering. Significant changes in land usage altered hydrological conditions, resulting in more frequent torrential floods
in the downstream sections of the Zubska River and increased the sediment yield. Environmental impacts were analyzed in the
immediate and wider zones of the ski resort in accordance with the specific topography and visual exposure. The restoration
and erosion control measures have stopped degradation processes and helped to rehabilitate the appearance and functions of
the landscape. The results show the importance of considering lithological (the type and characteristics of minerals present)
and hydrological (precipitation, water storage capacity of soil, runoff) factors under the conditions of significant changes
in land usage. The results of this investigation can contribute to the improvement of planning processes and the implementation
of development projects in ski areas. 相似文献
979.
What are ecological guilds? Dilemma of guild concepts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
980.
João Pratas Paulo J.C. Favas Rohan D’Souza Mayank Varun Manoj S. Paul 《Chemosphere》2013,90(8):2216-2225
Significant accumulation of heavy metals in soils and flora exists around the abandoned Barbadalhos Pb mine in Central Portugal. Soil and plant samples [49 species] were collected from two line transects, LT 1 and LT 2, in the mineralized and non-mineralized area, respectively to gain a comprehensive picture of heavy metals in soils and flora to assess its potential for phytoremediation. Phytosociological inventories of the vegetation were made using the Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance scale. Metal concentrations in soil ranged from (in mg kg?1): 98–9330 [Pb], 110–517 [Zn], 7.1–50 [Co], 69–123 [Cr], 31–193 [Cu], 33 400–98 500 [Fe], 7.7–51 [Ni], 0.95–13 [Ag], 2.8–208 [As], and 71–2220 [Mn] along LT 1; and 24–93 [Pb], 30–162 [Zn], 3.7–34 [Co], 61–196 [Cr], 21–46 [Cu], 24 100–59 400 [Fe], 17–87 [Ni], 0.71–1.9 [Ag], 4.3–12 [As], and 44–1800 [Mn] along LT 2. Plant metal content ranged from (in mg kg?1): 1.11–548 [Pb], 7.06–1020 [Zn], 0.08–2.09 [Co], 0.09–2.03 [Cr], 2.63–38.5 [Cu], 10.4–4450 [Fe], 0.38–8.9 [Ni], and 0.03–1.9 [Ag] along LT 1; and 0.94–11.58 [Pb], 2.83–96.5 [Zn], 0.12–1.44 [Co], 0.21–1.49 [Cr], 1.61–22.7 [Cu], 4.6–2050 [Fe], 0.51–4.81 [Ni], and 0.02–0.31 [Ag] along LT 2. Plants with highest uptake of metals were: Cistus salvifolius (548 mg Pb kg?1), Digitalis purpurea (1017 mg Zn kg?1 and 4450 mg Fe kg?1). Mentha suavolens and Ruscus ulmifolius were seen to hyperaccumulate Ag (1.9 and 1 mg Ag kg?1, respectively). More metals and higher concentrations were traced in plants from LT 1, especially for Pb and Zn. 相似文献