全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4505篇 |
免费 | 16篇 |
国内免费 | 138篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 115篇 |
废物处理 | 246篇 |
环保管理 | 450篇 |
综合类 | 713篇 |
基础理论 | 1453篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 1071篇 |
评价与监测 | 295篇 |
社会与环境 | 303篇 |
灾害及防治 | 12篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 20篇 |
2022年 | 59篇 |
2021年 | 22篇 |
2020年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 24篇 |
2018年 | 172篇 |
2017年 | 152篇 |
2016年 | 213篇 |
2015年 | 106篇 |
2014年 | 60篇 |
2013年 | 165篇 |
2012年 | 475篇 |
2011年 | 289篇 |
2010年 | 105篇 |
2009年 | 114篇 |
2008年 | 127篇 |
2007年 | 131篇 |
2006年 | 118篇 |
2005年 | 448篇 |
2004年 | 615篇 |
2003年 | 482篇 |
2002年 | 93篇 |
2001年 | 145篇 |
2000年 | 69篇 |
1999年 | 61篇 |
1998年 | 23篇 |
1997年 | 24篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 36篇 |
1994年 | 15篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 21篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 10篇 |
1974年 | 12篇 |
1973年 | 8篇 |
1972年 | 14篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
1966年 | 7篇 |
1957年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有4659条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
92.
Ari Z. Zivotofsky 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2012,25(5):747-763
Human beings have engaged in animal husbandry and have slaughtered animals for food for thousands of years. During the majority of that time most societies had no animal welfare regulations that governed the care or slaughter of animals. Judaism is a notable exception in that from its earliest days it has included such rules. Among the Jewish dietary laws is a prohibition to consume meat from an animal that dies in any manner other than through the rigorously defined method of slaughter known as shechita. In recent decades more and more attempts have been initiated by governments around the world to either outright ban or to control and modify the practice of shechita. This paper presents the requisite background about shechita and then analyzes the ethics of some of the recent legislation. The analysis includes a rebuttal of the assertion that shechita is an inhumane method of slaughter. It further presents the consequences on the Jewish community of legislation to impose pre-slaughter stunning and explains why such legislation is unethical. The actual effect of labeling laws is discussed and it is shown why such laws are also un-ethical. 相似文献
93.
Geochemistry of heavy metal-contaminated sediments from the Four River inlets of Dongting lake,China
Fang Xiaohong Peng Bo Song Zhaoliang Wu Sicheng Chen Danting Zhao Yafang Liu Jing Dai Yanan Tu Xianglin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(22):27593-27613
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The concentrations of major and trace elements in the sediments from the Four River inlets of Dongting Lake were analysed. The results show that the... 相似文献
94.
Brovini Emília Marques Cardoso Simone Jaqueline Quadra Gabrielle Rabelo Vilas-Boas Jéssica Andrade Paranaíba José R. Pereira Renata de Oliveira Mendonça Raquel Fernandes 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(43):60635-60648
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Glyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide. Many studies have reported glyphosate risks to aquatic organisms of different trophic levels.... 相似文献
95.
Çetin Selvinaz Özaydın Tuğba 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(31):41688-41697
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Bisphenol A (BPA), one of the endocrine disrupting chemicals, is the object of great concern because of its widespread use throughout the world. In... 相似文献
96.
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) are ubiquitous in sludge and water from waste water treatment plants, as a result of their incorporation in everyday products and industrial processes. In this study, we measured several classes of persistent PFASs,precursors, transformation intermediates, and newly identified PFASs in influent and effluent sewage water and sludge from three municipal waste water treatment plants in Sweden, sampled in 2015. For sludge, samples from 2012 and 2014 were analyzed as well.Levels of precursors in sludge exceeded those of perfluoroalkyl acids and sulfonic acids(PFCAs and PFSAs), in 2015 the sum of polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid esters(PAPs) were 15–20 ng/g dry weight, the sum of fluorotelomer sulfonic acids(FTSAs) was 0.8–1.3 ng/g,and the sum of perfluorooctane sulfonamides and ethanols ranged from non-detected to 3.2 ng/g. Persistent PFSAs and PFCAs were detected at 1.9–3.9 ng/g and 2.4–7.3 ng/g dry weight, respectively. The influence of precursor compounds was further demonstrated by an observed substantial increase for a majority of the persistent PFCAs and PFSAs in water after waste water treatment. Perfluorohexanoic acid(PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid(PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS)had a net mass increase in all WWTPs, with mean values of 83%, 28%, 37% and 58%,respectively. The load of precursors and intermediates in influent water and sludge combined with net mass increase support the hypothesis that degradation of precursor compounds is a significant contributor to PFAS contamination in the environment. 相似文献
97.
Fever can reduce mortality in infected animals. Yet, despite its fitness-enhancing qualities, fever often varies among animals. We used several approaches to examine this variation in insects. Texas field crickets (Gryllus texensis) exhibited a modest fever (1 °C increase in preferred body temperature, T pref) after injection of prostaglandin, which putatively mediates fever in both vertebrates and invertebrates, but they did not exhibit fever during chronic exposure to heat-killed bacteria. Further, chronic food limitation and mating status did not affect T pref or the expression of behavioural fever, suggesting limited context dependency of fever in G. texensis. Our meta-analysis of behavioural fever studies indicated that behavioural fever occurs in many insects, but it is not ubiquitous. Thus, both empirical and meta-analytical results suggest that the fever response in insects ‘is widespread, although certainly not inevitable’ (Moore 2002). We highlight the need for future work focusing on standardizing an experimental protocol to measure behavioural fever, understanding the specific mechanism(s) underlying fever in insects, and examining whether ecological or physiological costs often outweigh the benefits of fever and can explain the sporadic nature of fever in insects. 相似文献
98.
99.
Antonella?De?DonnoEmail author Tiziana?Grassi Francesco?Bagordo Adele?Idolo Francesca?Serio Giovanni?Gabutti 《Food and environmental virology》2012,4(2):81-88
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that shellfish can be used to detect enteric viruses in marine waters where they
are present at very low concentrations. Aqua-cultured mussels were placed in the sea just off the mouth of a drainage channel
affected by human and animal faecal contamination. Samples were taken from the channel, the sea and the mussels at intervals
over two 4-week periods. The samples were tested to verify the presence of both rotaviruses and E. coli. Rotaviruses were detected by Real Time-PCR, typed by multiplex PCR and subsequently sequenced. E. coli was enumerated in water matrices by a filtering method and in mussels by the MPN method. The presence of E. coli in the examined matrices demonstrates contamination of faecal origin throughout the studied environments. Rotaviruses were
recorded in channel waters, but not in sea water. In both experiments, rotaviruses were detected in mussels 21 and 28 days
after being placed in the sea water off the channel mouth. The use of mussels thus enabled the detection of rotaviruses in
waters where the high dilution rendered direct investigation impossible. This study indicates that mussels can be used in
marine virological surveillance programs. 相似文献
100.
Simon?BrinerEmail author Michael?Hartmann Robert?Finger Bernard?Lehmann 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2012,17(4):337-355
We assessed the economic suitability of 4 greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation options and one GHG offset option for an improvement
of the GHG balance of a representative Swiss suckler cow farm housing 35 Livestock units and cultivating 25 ha grassland.
GHG emissions per kilogram meat in the economic optimum differ between the production systems and range from 18 to 21.9 kg
CO2-eq./kg meat. Only GHG offset by agroforestry systems showed the potential to significantly reduce these emissions. Depending
on the production system agroforestry systems could reduce net GHG emissions by 66% to 7.3 kg CO2-eq./kg meat in the most intensive system and by 100% in the most extensive system. In this calculation a carbon sequestration
rate of 8 t CO2/ha/year was assumed. The potential of a combination of the addition of lipids to the diet, a cover of the slurry tank and
the application of nitrification inhibitors only had the potential to reduce GHG emissions by 12% thereby marginal abatement
costs are increasing much faster than for agroforestry systems. A reduction of the GHG emissions to 7.5 kg CO2-eq./kg meat—possible with agroforestry only—raised costs between 0.03 CHF/kg meat and 0.38 CHF/kg meat depending on the production
system and the state of the system before the reduction. If GHG emissions were reduced maximally average costs ranged between
0.37 CHF/kg meat, if agroforestry had the potential to reduce net GHG emissions to 0 kg CO2-eq., to 1.17 CHF/kg meat if also other options had to be applied. 相似文献