超声对污泥流变性及絮凝脱水性的影响

采用旋转粘度法研究了活性污泥体系的流变特性,考察和比较了超声处理前后污泥粘度及过滤比阻的变化,并就超声处理污泥的絮凝脱水性能进行了相关测试和分析.结果表明,随剪切速率的增大,污泥表观粘度降低,流动性增大,表现出流体变稀;污泥的流变特性反映出其胶状网络结构具有相对稳定性,污泥对水的结合能力强,因此,其过滤比阻高、脱水性能差;在固定频率25 kHz条件下,低声能密度(0.10～0.15W·mL-1)、短时间(2～3 min)超声处理可有效降低污泥表观粘度及过滤比阻;在絮凝剂(PDMDAAC)投量为污泥干固体质量(TS的)0.5%时,超声处理污泥的过滤比阻与滤饼含水率可分别降低至最小值0.18×109s2·g-1和65.7%.实验结果表明,将超声与絮凝剂结合用于污泥调理是可行的.     

我国危险废物特性鉴别技术体系研究

详细深入地调查分析了国外危险废物鉴别技术体系的特点和适用条件,以及我国危险废物管理的特点.在借鉴国内外经验与教训的基础上,提出了我国危险废物特性鉴别的技术路线及危险废物鉴别的环境保护目标,建立了危险废物鉴别技术的方法学.在充分研究的基础上,编制完成了全新的<国家危险废物名录>和<危险废物鉴别标准>,以及相应的规范和方法标准.这些技术文件形成了我国独特、完整的危险废物鉴别技术体系,为全面开展危险废物无害化管理提供了有力的技术支持.      

剩余污泥的电化学稳定实验研究

研究了电化学法对城市剩余污泥稳定化的影响。结果表明,以钛涂钌电极为阳极、不锈钢板为阴极,在极板间距为2cm,电压为20V,曝气量为3L/h的条件下,电解20min,其挥发性悬浮物质(VSS)去除效率可达39%,加酸调节pH值至4左右时,其电解效率则可达40%以上,同时,污泥病原体达到未检出水平。     

基于Sentinel-2与随机森林算法的太湖水生植被分布监测

基于2018—2021年太湖地区哨兵2号（Sentinel-2）卫星遥感影像和随机森林算法,结合植被敏感指数,开展太湖水生植被分布监测,综合分析了水生植被的时空变化特征,初步揭示了太湖水生植被的动态变化。结果表明,太湖水生植被分布面积有逐年上升的趋势,且年间变化具有明显的单峰型特征,表现为春季沉寂,夏季快速增长,秋季达到暴发期,冬季面积开始减退;太湖水生植被主要分布于东太湖、东部沿岸和贡湖,类型以沉水植被为主,其中浮叶植被主要分布于东太湖,挺水植被主要分布于东太湖沿岸的浅水区域;沉水植被主要分布于东部沿岸和贡湖;水生植被主要分布的东太湖水域,其水质总体优于太湖其他水域。     

化工园区恶臭异味管控技术框架初探

针对当前化工园区面临异味投诉问题的迫切挑战,探索一套以监测设备为基础、信息平台为手段和管控服务为核心的新技术框架,既有助于企业达标排放,又推动了园区环境质量持续改善。阐述了从国家到园区层面异味管控模式的三大目标,以如东化工园区为例,从设计有效技术框架、筛选异味优控因子、建设监测站点、搭建信息平台和建立管控服务等方面对技术框架进行了探讨;其次,基于“设备+平台+服务”综合管控模式,实现如东化工园区环境效益、经济效益和社会效益的有机统一;此外,为深化和推广如东化工园区异味管控模式,提出建立“点—线—面”监测网络、一体化管理平台和运维服务机制等建议,以期为我国化工园区恶臭异味管控提供参考。     

Enhancing treatment efficiency of swine wastewater by effluent recirculation in vertical-flow constructed wetland

Introduction Livestock w astew ater contains highly concen- trated pollutants, including suspended solids (SS), organics, nutrients and bacteria. In C hina, w astew ater generated by concentrated farm s is com m only stored in anaerobic lagoons and partia…     

Pyrolysis of rice husk and sawdust for liquid fuel

The paper is focused on studying how to convert rice husk and sawdust into liquid fuel. Rice husk, sawdust and their mixture were pyrolyzed at the temperature between 420℃ and 540℃, and the main product of liquid fuel was obtained. The experimental result showed that the yield of liquid fuel heavily depended on the kind of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. In the experiments, the maximum liquid yields for rice husk, sawdust and their mixture were 56% at 465 ℃, 61% at 490℃ and 60% at 475℃ respectively. Analysis with GC-MS and other apparatus indicated that the liquid fuel is a complicated organic compound with low caloric value and can be directly used as fuel oil without any up-grading. As a crude oil, the liquid fuel can be refined to be vehicle oil.     

Ecological effects of crude oil residues on the functional diversity of soil microorganisms in three weed rhizospheres

Ecological effects of crude oil residues on weed rhizospheres are still vague. The quantitative and diversity changes and metabolic responses of soil-bacterial communities in common dandelion （Taraxacum officinale）, jerusalem artichoke （Silphiurn perfoliatum L.） and evening primrose （A colypha australis L.） rhizospheric soils were thus examined using the method of carbon source utilization. The results indicated that there were various toxic effects of crude oil residues on the growth and reproduction of soil bacteria, but the weed rhizospheres could mitigate the toxic effects. Total heterotrophic counting colony-forming units （CFUs） in the rhizospheric soils were significantly higher than those in the non-rhizospheric soils. The culturable soil-bacterial CFUs in the jerusalem artichoke （S. perfoliatum） rhizosphere polluted with 0.50 kg/pot of crude oil residues were almost twice as much as those with 0.25 kg/pot and without the addition of crude oil residues. The addition of crude oil residues increased the difference in substrate evenness, substrate richness, and substrate diversity between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of T. officinale and A. australis, but there was no significant （p〉0.05） difference in the Shannon＇s diversity index between non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils of S. perfoliatum. The rhizospheric response of weed species to crude oil residues suggested that S. perfoliatum may be a potential weed species for the effective plant-microorganism bioremediation of contaminated soils by crude oil residues.     

典型软垫家具材料火灾特性的小尺寸实验研究

本文借助锥型量热计对制作软垫家具的材料进行小尺寸实验,获得了典型软垫家具面料、聚氨酯海绵填料及其组合件的燃烧性能参数。通过对实验获得参数的分析比较,认为面料对组合件燃烧特性的影响大,仅使用阻燃布就可以明显改善组合的火灾特性。     

长大区间隧道抽出式串联通风机排烟能力实验研究

为实现有效通风以降低隧道火灾带来的损失和伤亡,依托青岛市地铁8号线大洋站至青岛北站区间隧道,建立线性比尺为1∶15的隧道通风排烟模型实验系统,针对通风机串联单抽,围绕3种通风机频率匹配组合,测定单机的变频频率值、电功消耗、排烟道与行车道的断面平均风速以及右侧行车道静压。研究结果表明：在相同功率消耗下,不同频率匹配的串联通风机排烟效果存在差异;针对此差异,利用气体挡烟墙性能及其计算欧拉数值比较发现,风井近端的通风机频率较大时,下游对污染气流的抵抗力更强,拥有更好的排烟效果。研究结果可为隧道火灾提供更有效率的防灾救灾数据支持,并从欧拉数方面为研究隧道临界风速提供新角度。