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971.
972.
通过引入多响应值的归一化评分法进行了污泥水磷和有机物同步混凝去除的多目标优化,并利用响应面(RSM)技术考察了Al/P比、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)投加量和悬浮固体(SS)浓度对污染物去除的单独效应和联合效应.结果表明,复合投加聚合氯化铝和PAM能同步去除污泥水中磷和有机物,并改善沉降效果.归一化后单目标RSM优化显示,对污泥水中磷和有机物同步去除的贡献为Al/P比SS浓度PAM投加量.在最优条件Al/P比为3、PAM浓度为1.22 mg·L~(-1)、SS浓度为3.58 g·~(L-1)的条件下,正磷和总有机碳去除率分别为93.1%和53.9%.与多响应变量优化相比,引入归一化评分法有效解决了变量间数值量级差异的问题,使结果的分析计算变得简单方便. 相似文献
973.
974.
Ruihua Zhang Hongwen Sun Jin Yin 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2008,2(2):203-208
The purpose of this study is to estimate the removal efficiency of As and Cr (VI) by one kind of industrial waste — iron chips,
as well as to estimate the effects of typical inorganic anions (sulfate, phosphate, and nitrate), and typical organic anions
(citrate, oxalate, and humate) on As or Cr (VI) removal. The results showed that 98% of As (V) and 92% of As (III) could be
removed from aqueous phase by the iron chips within 60 min. Compared with As species, Cr (VI) was removed much more rapidly
and efficiently with 97% of Cr (VI) being removed within 25 min. The removal efficiency for arsenic was in the order: As (III)
(sulfate), As (III) (nitrate) or As (III), As (III) (humate), As (III) (oxalate), As (III) (citrate), As (III) (phosphate),
and for chromate was in the order: Cr (VI) (sulfate), Cr (VI) (phosphate) or Cr (VI) (nitrate) or Cr (VI) (oxalate), Cr (VI),
Cr (VI) (citrate), Cr (VI) (humate). In all the treatments, pH level increased with time except for As (III), the removal
of which was either without anions or in the presence of humate or nitrate. 相似文献
975.
The formation of toxic nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs), such as nitrosamines, halonitromethanes and haloacetonitriles, from reactions between chlorine/chloramine and dissolved organic nitrogen in drinking water has caused great concern with regarding public health. This study revealed the occurrence of 17 aliphatic amines, some of which have been confirmed to be the precursors of N-DBPs, in source water across China. A sensitive method based on benzenesulfonyl chloride derivatization and liquid-liquid extraction followed by GC-MS analysis was established for the simultaneous analysis of the selected amines in aqueous samples. In total, 37 source water samples from the capital cities of 20 provinces were collected for the survey. Among the 17 amines, 14 were detected with an average frequency of detection of 36%. The most relevant amines in terms of frequency and maximum concentrations detected were dimethylamine (100%, 24.82 μg/L), methylamine (78%, 0.92 μg/L), N-methylethylamine (70%, 8.84 μg/L), propylamine (59%, 10.69 μg/L), diethylamine (54%, 3.76 μg/L), N-methylbutylamine (35%, 3.07 μg/L), N-ethylpropylamine (35%, 0.52 μg/L), and piperidine (32%, 2.35 μg/L). This is the first large scale survey of the aliphatic amines occurrence in source water in the world. The wide presence of nitrosamine precursors like dimethylamine, N-methylethylamine and diethylamine, and the precursors of haloacetonitriles and halonitromethanes like methylamine and propylamine suggests that better source water management is required to ensure the safety of drinking water. 相似文献
976.
Xuemei Wang Shuping Situ Weihua Chen Junyu Zheng Alex Guenther Qi Fan Ming Chang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(8):72-82
This article compiles the actual knowledge of the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions estimated using model methods in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, one of the most developed regions in China. The developed history of BVOC emission models is presented briefly and three typical emission models are introduced and compared. The results from local studies related to BVOC emissions have been summarized. Based on this analysis, it is recommended that local researchers conduct BVOC emission studies systematically, from the assessment of model inputs, to compiling regional emission inventories to quantifying the uncertainties and evaluating the model results. Beyond that, more basic researches should be conducted in the future to close the gaps in knowledge on BVOC emission mechanisms, to develop the emission models and to refine the inventory results. This paper can provide a perspective on these aspects in the broad field of research associated with BVOC emissions in the PRD region. 相似文献
977.
采用封闭式采样和气相色谱法分析监测了北京主要树种油松排放的萜烯类化合物,其中包括α和β蒎烯、蒈烯、松油烯、柠檬烯和罗勒烯,以及少量异戊二烯。松油烯、B蒎烯、柠檬烯和蒈烯的排放量之和占油松排放碳氢总量的94%以上。萜烯和异戌二烯排放速率随日照和温度的升高而增加。萜烯等浓度的日变化表明在正午和午夜油松有两个排放高峰。在日均气温为18℃时油松的碳氢化合物平均总排放速率约为8.7μh/h.g。 相似文献
978.
Fenton试剂处理酸性玫瑰红B的研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
采用Fenton试剂处理酸性玫瑰红B染料废水,考察了FeSO4投加量、H2O2投加量、pH值和反应时间对处理效果的影响,研究了原水的氧化还原电位和TOC的变化规律,评价了它的可生化性。结果表明,最佳pH值为3,FeSO4的适宜投加量为8mmol/L,H2O2最佳投加量为50mmol/L,此时COD去除率和脱色率分别为77.1%和92.8%,处理后该染料废水的可生化性大大提高。 相似文献
979.
磨盘山水库水质富营养化的防治对策研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
磨盘山水库是哈尔滨市人民重要的饮用水源地。从库区面源污染来源、农业各类面源污染入库量比较、磨盘山水库水质富营养化状况及趋势等方面论述了磨盘山水库水质富营养化防治对策。提出要加强磨盘山水库水质的科学研究,防止水库水质的富营养化发生。 相似文献
980.
Liqun Lv Yunshan Ge Zhe Ji Jianwei Tan Xin Wang Lijun Hao Zhiwei Wang Mengzhu Zhang Chunjie Wang Haidan Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(2):155-164
On-road driving emissions of six liquefied natural gas(LNG) and diesel semi-trailer towing vehicles(STTVs) which met China Emission Standard IV and V were tested using Portable Emission Measurement System(PEMS) in northern China.Emission characteristics of these vehicles under real driving conditions were analyzed and proved that on-road emissions of heavy-duty vehicles(HDVs) were underestimated in the past.There were large differences among LNG and diesel vehicles, which also existed between China V vehicles and China IV vehicles.Emission factors showed the highest level under real driving conditions, which probably be caused by frequent acceleration, deceleration, and start-stop.NOx emission factors ranged from 2.855 to 20.939 g/km based on distance-traveled and 6.719–90.557 g/kg based on fuel consumption during whole tests, which were much higher than previous researches on chassis dynamometer.It was inferred from tests that the fuel consumption rate of the test vehicles had a strong correlation with NOx emission, and the exhaust temperature also affected the efficiency of Selected Catalytic Reduction(SCR) aftertreatment system, thus changing the NOx emission greatly.THC emission factors of LNG vehicles were 2.012–10.636 g/km, which were much higher than that of diesel vehicles(0.029–0.185 g/km).Unburned CH_4 may be an important reason for this phenomenon.Further on-road emission tests, especially CH_4 emission test should be carried out in subsequent research.In addition, the Particulate Number(PN) emission factors of diesel vehicles were at a very high level during whole tests, and Diesel Particulate Filter(DPF)should be installed to reduce PN emission. 相似文献