利用电液压脉冲技术控制水体藻类的研究

针对传统的物理、化学和生物除藻技术的缺陷,提出了利用电液压脉冲技术控制水体中藻类的新方法.基于电液压脉冲技术的工作原理,利用水泵抽取湖泊中的水体,在电液压脉冲产生的高压和高温作用下,对控制水体藻类的工艺流程进行了详细分析.理论分析和实验研究表明:电液压脉冲的除藻效果与其作用次数呈指数关系,放电产生的电磁场、等离子体、空化流和在放电区域内所发生的复合作用对液体具有强大的综合作用,它们瞬间同时对水体发生作用,因此可以杀菌和控制湖泊水体中的藻类,以达到保护环境的目的.同时,利用电液压脉冲技术控制水体中的藻类,根据水的污染程度,能耗仅为0.1～0.5 kWh/m3.     

转速对SUFR系统厌氧区释磷的影响

就转速对螺旋升流反应器系统厌氧区释磷效果、污泥的释磷代谢及动力学参数的影响进行试验研究,并确定较好释磷效果时的转速,为该技术即将进行的工程应用提供理论支撑。研究结果表明：随着转速的增加,厌氧释磷效果出现下降的趋势,转速为30 r/min时,厌氧释磷效果较佳;SUFR系统厌氧区污泥释磷的代谢模式遵循Smolders等人提出的生化模式,转速变化引起α_PAO的不同,从而使得厌氧释磷的代谢水平出现了差异;转速对厌氧区污泥COD吸收的动力学参数q_max及K_A值均产生了明显的影响。     

竹材加工剩余物制备竹活性炭及其对Pb^2＋的吸附性能

利用竹材加工剩余物竹蔸、竹节和竹枝制备竹炭,再以H3PO4为活化剂,在活化温度为700 ℃和不同的H3PO4浓度下进行活化制备竹活性炭,测定了吸附性能最强的竹活性炭在不同吸附时间和Pb2+初始浓度下对Pb2+的吸附率,并进行了结构表征.结果表明,当H3PO4溶液质量分数为45%时,所制备的竹活性炭吸附性能最强,其中竹蔸活性炭的Pb2+吸附性能接近于商品活性炭;竹蔸活性炭吸附Pb2+的吸附时间在120～180 min为佳;根据Langmuir最大吸附量计算公式求得竹蔸活性炭最大吸附量为91.1 mg/g.竹枝炭、竹节炭与竹篼炭的孔隙度分别为0.656、0.698和0.740,竹枝活性炭、竹节活性炭与竹篼活性炭的孔隙度分别为0.690、0.715和0.755;竹篼炭和竹篼活性炭比表面积分别为110.354、462.069 m2/g,孔容分别为0.090、0.235 cm3/g,平均孔径分别为31.552、20.368 .     

实验室信息管理系统在环境保护领域的建设与应用探讨

介绍了环境监测实验室的业务特点;概述了国内外实验室信息管理系统(LIMS)的发展现状;选择了适合环境监测业务的LIMS软件产品,并在此基础上作进一步开发以满足环境监测业务的可拓展性;提出了LIMS需要完善功能的建议.同时,指出在环境保护领域引入LIMS,在一定程度上提高了分析数据的准确性和环境监测实验室管理水平.     

Linear alkylbenzenes in riverine runoff of the Pearl River Delta (China) and their application as anthropogenic molecular markers in coastal environments

The average concentrations of ∑LABs (sum of C₁₀-C₁₃-LABs) in runoff samples collected from the eight major riverine outlets of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China ranged from 1.4 to 6124 ng/L in the dissolved phase and from 0.01 to 11.4 μg/g dry weight in the particulate phase during March 2005-February 2006. The annual riverine flux of ∑LABs from the PRD to the coastal ocean was estimated at approximately 14 tons/yr. The inventories of ∑LABs in agricultural lands of Guangdong Province ranged from 313 to 1825 kg/yr. The early and late rice fields were the major sink of LABs, accounting for approximately 68% of total LABs inventory in agricultural lands. The social-economically estimated annual discharge of LABs from household detergents in the PRD was ∼696 tons/yr, more than an order of magnitude higher than that estimated from field measurements (about 14 tons/yr), which was attributed to several factors.     

Effects of tetrabromobisphenol A as an emerging pollutant on wheat (Triticum aestivum) at biochemical levels

Biochemical responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to the stress of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) as an emerging pollutant were examined. The results indicated that reduction of the chlorophyll (CHL) content in wheat leaves could be observed. However, the changes in the CHL content with the increasing TBBPA concentration from 50 to 5000 mg kg(-1) were insignificant (p>0.05). Increased malondialdehyde levels were detected in wheat leaves after both 7-d and 12-d exposures. The changes in the activity of superoxide dismutases (SOD), peroxidases (POD) and catalases (CAT) in wheat leaves irregularly fluctuated with time as the TBBPA concentration increased. However, significant (p<0.05) decrease in the activity of POD and CAT treated with 500 and 5000 mg kg(-1) TBBPA could be observed. Our data also showed that the plant has the capacity to tolerate the oxidative stress, but the capacity would be lost with prolonged exposure and increasing TBBPA concentration. There were no dose-response effects in the changes between the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) and the concentration of TBBPA. The decrease in the activity of POD and CAT could be considered as good biomarkers of serious stress by TBBPA in soil environment.     

泥沙浓度和水相初始浓度对泥沙吸附重金属影响的研究

从吸附动力学方程和质量守恒方程出发，导得静态试验中，重金属离子的泥沙吸附量和水相浓度随时间变化的计算公式，进而导出重金属离子的泥沙平衡吸附量和水相平衡浓度随泥沙吸附特性、水相初始浓度（泥沙初始吸附量）和泥沙浓度变化的计算公式。试验结果表明，泥沙浓度不影响吸附特性参数如饱和吸附量ｂ，解吸与吸附速率系数之比ｋ及吸附速率系数ｋ＿１，而水相初始浓度对ｋ＿１有较大影响；对平衡吸附量而言，泥沙浓度和水相初始浓度均有较大影响，并可从质量守恒得到解释。     

重庆南山酸雨与马尾松衰亡的关系

1985—1986年对重庆南山马尾松林衰亡与酸雨的关系进行了研究。四个月的雨水监测表明南山酸雨况情严重。酸雨频率百分之百,平均pH4.2—4.4,最低pH3.6—4.0。土壤酸化程度较重(pH3.7—4.0)。土壤酸化的主要原因是酸雨的输入。濒死树针叶中锰和钴元素大为减少,与土壤中这两种元素的减少相对应。濒死树针叶中铝大量积累,土壤中活性铝增多和铝钙比增大。初步肯定酸雨是南山马尾松衰亡的重要原因之一。     

岳阳南湖水质变化趋势与保护措施研究

应用湖泊完全混合模型和狄龙模型，预测了岳阳经济技术开发区和南湖旅游度假区建成后对有水质的影响，结果表明南湖水质污染将会加剧。根据南湖污染源的情况，文中提出了相应的水质保护措施。     

德兴铜矿选矿厂大型石灰料仓除尘

介绍德兴铜矿选矿厂大型石灰料仓在汽车卸料时产生的大量石灰粉尘的收集、净化处理方式及袋式除尘器主要性能参数的确定。