大连地区唐氏筛查孕中期妇女羊水中甲状腺激素水平与PBDEs内暴露关系初探

多溴联苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)是一类常用的溴代阻燃剂,由于使用广泛,已成为普遍存在的环境污染物。研究表明,PBDEs具有内分泌干扰作用,影响甲状腺功能,对胚胎发育、婴幼儿及儿童的健康存在潜在的危害。本研究采集了100例具羊水穿刺指征的孕妇的孕中期羊水样本,采用罗氏全自动电化学发光免疫分析仪测定羊水中促甲状腺激素(TSH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、甲状腺素(TT4)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、抗甲状腺过氧化酶抗体(TPOA)和抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGA)的含量,用气相色谱-负化学源-质谱法测定羊水样品中16种PBDEs同系物含量。结果显示,羊水中TSH、TT3、FT3、TT4、FT4中位数分别为0.342μIU·m L-1、0.949 nmol·L-1、1.52 pmol·L-1、11.02 nmol·L-1和3.91pmol·L-1,95%参考区间值分别为0.174~0.872μIU·m L-1、0.835~1.01 nmol·L-1、1.26~2.72 pmol·L-1、9.42~20.68 nmol·L-1和2.16~6.35 pmol·L-1。具有唐氏筛查高风险和甲状腺激素水平低下的羊水样品中共检出6种BDEs(BDE-47、BDE-71、BDE-138、BDE-183、BDE-190、BDE-209),其中BDE-71、183和190在被检羊水样品中均被检出,并且,TSH水平低下的羊水中BDE-190和209负荷水平显著高于正常组。这些结果提示,大连地区孕中期妇女羊水存在PBEDs内暴露,并且PBDEs内暴露可能与羊水的甲状腺激素水平低下、尤其TSH水平升高有关,提示PBDEs暴露可能与胎儿中枢神经系统损伤产生的下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺(HPT)轴功能失调有关。因此,羊水PBDEs内暴露对新生儿出生结局的影响值得进一步关注。     

Optimized photocatalytic regeneration of adsorption-photocatalysis bifunctional composite saturated with Methyl Orange

Photo-responsive adsorption-photocatalysis nanocomposites are generally used in water and wastewater decontamination; however, the prolonged adsorption capacity of composites and the role of adsorption in concomitant photocatalysis are typically neglected. These composites can be regenerated under light irradiation as their adsorption capacity decreases. Herein, a novel adsorption-photocatalysis bifunctional nanocomposite, Bi-doped TiO₂ supported on powdered activated carbon (Bi₂O₃/TiO₂/PAC), was prepared using the sol-impregnation-hydrothermal procedure. Bi₂O₃/TiO₂/PAC with a secondary calcination temperature of 700°C under a nitrogen atmosphere was selected for maximum adsorption capacity on Methyl Orange (MO). The composite displayed an excellent adsorption capacity and was easily separated and recycled. The results demonstrate that 71.2% photocatalytic regeneration efficiency could be attained under visible light irradiation for 1 hr at an intensity of 750?W/m² and pH 7. Characterization of the as-prepared Bi₂O₃/TiO₂/PAC nanocomposite (700°C) indicates that it possesses a highly specific surface area and great optical properties, showing bifunctional adsorption-photocatalysis characteristics. The p-n heterojunction of the composite played a dominant role in the photocatalytic regeneration process, and effective degradation of MO could be achieved along with composite regeneration.     

自然生态恢复过程中尾矿废弃地土壤微生物变化

尾矿废弃地是一种人为的裸地,其自然生态恢复过程表现为典型的生态系统原生演替过程.尾矿废弃地自然生态恢复过程为人们了解生态系统发展过程中土壤微生物群落的变化提供了一个良好的机遇.该研究以2处(即,铜陵杨山冲尾矿废弃地和铜官山新尾矿废弃地)不同时期弃置的、处于3个演替阶段(原生裸地阶段、隐花植物结皮阶段和草本维管植物群落阶段)的铜尾矿废弃地为研究对象,利用传统培养法(稀释平板法)和分子生物学法(净DNA含量法)相结合的手段对土壤微生物量和土壤微生物群落结构变化及其影响因素进行了调查.数据分析表明:随着尾矿废弃地上植物群落的形成和发展,尾矿废弃地水分含量增加、pH降低、土壤有机质和总氮质量分数提高;土壤微生物数量逐渐增加,维管植物群落下的尾矿废弃地中土壤微生物数量明显高于处于演替初期阶段的隐花植物结皮,高于裸地;不同演替阶段尾矿废弃地中土壤微生物群落结构表现为细菌(60.68﹪～97.45﹪)>放线菌(2.50﹪～39.13﹪)>真菌(0.05﹪～0.82﹪);相关分析发现,尾矿废弃地土壤微生物量变化与基质的含水量、总氮和有机质质量分数呈正相关,而与pH变化呈负相关.研究结果表明,在尾矿废弃地自然生态恢复过程中,伴随着植物群落形成、发展和基质理化性质的逐步改善,尾矿中土壤微生物也逐步恢复.     

Physiological and biochemical responses of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Machilus ichangensis</Emphasis> Rehd. et Wils and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Taxus chinensis</Emphasis> (Pilger) Rehd. to elevated O<Subscript>3</Subscript> in subtropical China

Considerable researches have documented the negative effects of ozone on woody species in North America and Europe; however, little is known about how woody tree species respond to elevated O₃ in subtropical China, and most of the previous studies were conducted using pot experiment. In the present study, Machilus ichangensis Rehd. et Wils (M. ichangensis) and Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. (T. chinensis), evergreen tree species in subtropical China, were exposed to non-filtered air (NF), 100 nmol mol^?1 O₃ (E1) and 150 nmol mol^?1 O₃ (E2), in open-top chambers under field conditions from 21st March to 2nd November 2015. In this study, O₃ fumigation significantly reduced net photosynthesis rate (Pn) in M. ichangensis in the three measurements and in T. chinensis in the last measurement. Also, non-stomatal factors should be primarily responsible for the decreased Pn. O₃ fumigation-induced increase in malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and reduced ascorbic acid levels indicated that antioxidant defense mechanism had been stimulated to prevent O₃ stress and repair the oxidative damage. Yet, the increase of antioxidant ability was not enough to counteract the harm of O₃ fumigation. Because of the decrease in CO₂ assimilation, the growth of the two tree species was restrained ultimately. The sensitivity of the two tree species to O₃ can be determined: M. ichangensis > T. chinensis. It suggests a close link between the rising O₃ concentrations and the health risk of some tree species in subtropics in the near future.     

苯胺类化合物微生物降解研究进展

苯胺类化合物是广泛应用的化工材料,已经造成了严重的环境污染,并危及了人体健康.利用微生物方法处理环境中的污染物质目前备受青睐,它有着物理和化学方法不可比拟的优越性.对苯胺类化合物的微生物降解研究现状进行了系统的综述,包括具有降解苯胺类化合物能力的微生物类群、苯胺类化合物的降解途径及苯胺类化合物降解的影响因素,提出了苯胺类化合物生物降解研究中存在的问题和尚需进一步研究的方面.     

A taxonomy of green supply chain management capability among electronics-related manufacturing firms in Taiwan

This study investigated crucial green supply chain management (GSCM) capability dimensions and firm performance based on electronics-related manufacturing firms in Taiwan. On the basis of a factor analysis, six green supply chain management dimensions were identified: green manufacturing and packaging, environmental participation, green marketing, green suppliers, green stock, and green eco-design. According to their factor scores in the GSCM dimensions, a cluster analysis subsequently assigned responding firms into four groups, namely, the weak GSCM oriented group, the green marketing oriented group, the green supplier oriented group, and the green stock oriented group. Differences in firm performance and GSCM dimensions among groups were examined. Results indicated that the green marketing oriented group performed best. Based on the resource-based view (RBV), the capability of the green marketing oriented group was considered to be the deployment of a collection of resources that enables it to successfully compete against rivals. The importance of green marketing as a GSCM capability and strategic asset/critical resources for electronics-related manufacturing firms to obtain a competitive edge is therefore highlighted in this study.     

小型制药厂污水处理工程设计

小型制药厂生产废水具有水质、水量波动大的特点,应用普通处理工艺很难适应水质、水量的大幅度波动。多级水解酸化-接触氧化工艺具有较高的抗冲击负荷,工程实例结果表明应用该工艺可以使处理设施长期稳定运行,并实现出水达标排放。     

Effectiveness and mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide adsorption by camphor-derived biochar

The characteristics and mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) adsorption on a biochar through pyrolysis at various temperatures (100 to 500°C) were investigated. The biochar used in the current study was derived from the camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora). The samples were ground and sieved to produce particle sizes of 0.4 mm to 1.25 mm, 0.3 mm to 0.4 mm, and <0.3 mm. The H₂S breakthrough capacity was measured using a laboratory-designed test. The surface properties of the biochar were characterized using pH and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The results obtained demonstrate that all camphor-derived biochars were effective in H₂S sorption. Certain threshold ranges of the pyrolysis temperature and surface pH were observed, which, when exceeded, have dramatic effects on the H₂S adsorption capacity. The sorption capacity ranged from 1.2 mg/g to 121.4 mg/g. The biochar with 0.3 mm to 0.4 mm particle size possesses a maximum sorption capacity at 400°C. The pH and FTIR analysis results showed that carboxylic and hydroxide radical groups were responsible for H₂S sorption. These observations will be helpful in designing biochar as engineered sorbents for the removal of H₂S.

Implications: This paper studies the potential of biochar derived by camphor to adsorb hydrogen sulfide at environmentally sustainable temperatures. The different sizes of the biochars and the different temperatures of pyrolysis for the camphor particle have a great impact on adsorption of hydrogen sulfide.     

Atmospheric mercury emission from artisanal mercury mining in Guizhou Province,Southwestern China

Mercury (Hg) mining is an important anthropogenic source of atmospheric Hg emissions. The Guizhou Province in Southwestern China is a region with extensive artisanal mercury mining (AMM), but little Hg emission data from this area is available. Using a mass balance method, we estimated emission factors from artisanal mercury mining in Wuchuan mercury mining area (WMMA) and Gouxi area (GX). Average emission factors were 18.2% in WMMA (ranging from 6.9% to 32.1%) and 9.8% in GX (ranging from 6.6% to 14.5%), respectively, which were 2.2–36.4 times higher than the literature values used to estimate Hg emission from Hg mining. Furthermore, the average Hg emission factor of AMM in WMMA was much higher than that in GX, indicating that double condensation processes practiced in GX resulted in higher recoveries and lower emission factors compared to single condensation process applied in WMMA. Atmospheric Hg emission was estimated to be 3.7–9.6 metric tons in 2004 for WMMA and 1.3–2.7 metric tons in 2006 for GX, indicating artisanal Hg mining was an important atmospheric Hg emission source in the study area.     

三氯乙烯好氧生物降解的初步研究

工业溶剂三氯乙烯 (TCE)是地下水污染物中发现的最普遍的氯代化合物。本研究的目的是评价以葡萄糖为初始基质时好氧条件下TCE生物降解的可行性 ,以及以TCE为单一基质时的生物降解情况。微生物培养是在好氧条件下以驯化好的活性污泥作为接种体。实验结果表明 ,在 2 5℃时 ,葡萄糖可以在好氧条件下作为共代谢基质使TCE发生生物降解 ,其一级反应速率常数为 0 32 12d-1,半衰期为 2 16d ;TCE可以作为单一基质发生好氧生物转化 ,其一级反应速率常数为 0 2 6 2 4d-1,半衰期为 2 6 4d ;降解过程中无二氯乙烯 (DCE)和氯乙烯 (VC)等中间产物的形成 ;表明葡萄糖共代谢降解TCE的速率大于TCE作为单一基质的降解速率。