基于荧光素酶发光检测体系的几种工业污染物综合毒性评价

利用化工污染物能抑制荧光素酶催化发光反应这一特性,对水质中6种化工化合物分别进行毒性测试,建立一种快速检测水质中化工污染物毒性的生物学方法。实验结果表明,对苯二酚、4-氨基酚、苯胺、氯仿、盐酸邻联甲苯胺和硫柳汞的EC50值分别为:5.563、10.225、20.236、38.432、8.827和0.6 mg/L,6种污染物毒性大小依次为:硫柳汞>对苯二酚>盐酸邻联甲苯胺>4-氨基酚>苯胺>氯仿,相关系数>0.95。该方法为进一步研究基于荧光素酶反应体系检测水质中化工污染物综合毒性的生物传感器方法奠定基础。     

含油污水处理用旋流气浮一体化设备的CFD数值模拟

借助商业计算流体动力学(CFD)软件Fluent,对国内自主研发的含油污水处理用BIPTCFU-1型旋流气浮一体化设备进行内部流场的数值模拟研究,讨论了射流器挡板和缓流板等主要结构参数对设备分离性能的影响,并对污水处理量和回流比等运行参数对设备除油率的影响进行了评估。为下一步通过CFD数值模拟手段进行优化设计,进而成功研发含油污水旋流气浮一体化处理设备奠定了较为坚实的基础。     

分置式膜-生物反应器凝胶层膜污染模型研究

通过紊流条件下阻力模型和凝胶极化模型对膜生物反应器的阻力进行分析,结果表明,膜面流速在3～10 m/s,运行时间在5h之内时,阻力模型可以很好地符合凝胶模型.通过分置式膜-生物反应器对染料废水超滤膜阻力进行了分析,膜的总阻力随着运行时间增加而增加,在所有阻力中,凝胶阻力占比重最大.     

Toxicity measurements in aqueous solution during ozonation of mono-chlorophenols

The Microtox toxicity and Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR) inhibition tests were conducted to monitor the variation of toxicity during ozonation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), 3-chlorophenol (3-CP) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) under neutral conditions. The results revealed that the oxidized 2-CP solution exhibited new toxicity to pure bacteria and mixed microorganisms in the early stage of ozonation. The largest inhibition of OUR appeared at one mol of applied ozone dosage per mol of initial 2-CP, and the percentage of inhibition was 63.8%. In addition, ozonated 3-CP and 4-CP also significantly induced new aqueous toxicity, if these toxic intermediates were not further ozonated. Comparing the variation of toxicity and the hydroxylated/chlorinated intermediates formed, 3-chloro-catechol, 2-chloro-2, 4-hexadienedioic acid and the dimmer compounds may be related to the sources of toxicity during the ozonation of 2-CP.     

钷－147在模拟水域生态系中的行为

研究了在模似池塘小生境中,147Pm在水体、土壤及水生生物之间的转移和积累情况,建立了动力学模型。结果表明：其行为符合一级反应动力学模式;水生植物对¹⁴⁷Pm的浓缩能力最强;鱼对¹⁴⁷Pm的吸收极少;¹⁴⁷Pm在土壤中的渗透力较弱,80％浓缩于泥土表层1cm内。因此,水生植物可作为¹⁴⁷Pm污染水体的环境监测指示生物,并可用于净化被¹⁴⁷Pm污染的水体;土壤可以沉淀水体中的147Pm,对去污有一定效果。     

黄渤海沿岸经济贝类体内的石油烃的测定

在１９９０－９７－１９９１－１２期间,监测了黄渤海沿岸经济贝类体内的污染物残留量,计算了沿岸软体动物体内石油烃含量的本底值为３．４７－１９．７ｍｇ／ｋｇ,用本底值的上限作为评价标准,对沿岸贝类的石油污染状况,按污染程度做了海区划分,结果是大连湾,长江口,锦州湾的经济贝类是石油烃污染严重的区域。     

PHB监测A2/O工艺除磷及负荷率耦合关系的研究

以上海市白龙港城市污水厂初沉池污水为进水,培养驯化污泥并构建A²/O试验系统,监测PHB消耗、生成的动态变化,并分析其与除磷和BOD₅负荷率的耦合关系.结果显示,曝气池中PHB的消耗与除磷呈现良好的正相关关系(p<0.05),平均消耗约140 mg左右的PHB可去除1 mg P;厌氧池中PHB的生成与释磷存在着极显著的正相关关系(p<0.01),平均释放1.17 mg的磷可生成约100 mg的PHB;厌氧池中PHB的含量与系统F/M的正相关性显著(p<0.05),负荷为0.176 g/(g·d)较负荷0.413 g/(g·d)下PHB的生成量平均减少约4　mg/g(以MLSS计);PHB的合成与厌氧池中BOD₅的去除量的相关性较差(p>0.05),但与温度呈极为显著的正相关关系(p<0.01),温度的升高有助于微生物合成PHB,最高温度(33.2℃)比最低温度(17.1℃)活性污泥中PHB含量约增加5　mg/g(以MLSS计),占总量的20%左右.     

光助Fenton氧化法降解水中的活性艳蓝KN-R

采用光助Fenton氧化法降解水中的活性艳蓝KN-R染料.实验结果表明,在溶液pH为3,Fe2+、过氧化氢、草酸质量浓度分别为5,75,2 mg/L,反应时间为60 min时,色度、COD和TOC的去除率分别达到99%,80%和51%以上.水中阴离子对降解反应有阻碍或抑制作用,阴离子对COD去除率的影响从大到小为:NO-3＞Cl-＞HCO-3＞BrO-3＞HPO2-4:对TOC去除率的影响从大到小为:NO-3＞HPO2-4＞Cl-＞Hco-3＞BrO-3.     

安徽省地震谣传特征及控制对策

归纳总结安徽省自 1976年唐山大地震至 1998年 2 0余年弱震、少震的时期里地震谣传发生、发展的特征和紧急平息地震谣传的经验 ,结合实际提出了对地震谣传的长期预防对策。     

The effects of operational parameters and common anions on the reactivity of zero-valent iron in bromate reduction

Bromate reduction by Fe(0) was investigated under various conditions in batch tests. The bromate was primarily reduced to bromide ions with possible adsorption onto iron. Bromate reduction by Fe(0) can be described by pseudo-first-order kinetics. The differences in surface areas, numbers of reactive sites, impurities, pretreatment methods and numbers of repeated uses of iron affected the rates of bromate reduction through reducing or accumulating a passive oxide film on the iron surface. The reduction of bromate was significantly affected by only the dissolved oxygen content at supersaturated concentrations or by decreasing the pH from 6 to 5. Increasing the temperature increased the bromate reduction rate, which followed the Arrhenius relationship with activation energy of 52.6 kJmol(-1) and the reduction rate increased with increased mixing rates. These observations indicate that bromate reduction by iron is a surface-mediated process and diffusion to the surface is essential. Under the test conditions, modest inhibitory effects on bromate reduction by Fe(0) from nitrite, chlorate and bicarbonate were observed and the inhibitory effect from phosphate was relatively larger. Enhanced reactivity of Fe(0) to bromate was observed in the presence of nitrate or sulfate. These findings suggest that bromate reduction by Fe(0) can be an effective method for bromate control.