生产过程中的风险控制和安全管理

生产安全管理可以归纳为生产过程中对人、设备、环境风险因素的评估、控制和消除的综合管理.生产企业在开展安全性评价工作的基础上,通过应用风险控制的基本方法,可以对企业的安全管理起到积极的主导作用,促进安全生产良性循环.     

Adsorption of microcystins by carbon nanotubes

The production of cyanobacterial toxins microcystins (MCs) by cyanobacterial bloom which may promote the growth of tumor in human liver is a growing environmental problem worldwide. In this paper, the adsorption of MC-RR and LR, which were extracted from cyanobacterial cells in Dianchi Lake in China, by carbon nanotubes (CNTs), wood-based activated carbon (ACs) and clays were investigated. Compared with ACs and clay materials of sepiolite, kaolinite and talc tested, CNTs were found to have a strong ability in the adsorption of MCs. At the concentrations of 21.5 mg l(-1) MC-RR and 9.6 mg l(-1) MC-LR in 50 mmol phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0), the adsorption amounts of MCs by CNTs with the range of outside diameter from 2 to 10nm were 14.8 and 5.9 mg g(-1), which were about four times higher than those by other adsorbents tested. It was shown that with the decrease of CNTs outside diameters from 60 to 2 nm, the adsorption amount of MCs was apparently increased, however the size of CNTs particles formed in solution declined. This result implies that the size of CNTs tube pore that is fit for the molecular dimension of MCs plays a dominant role. Furthermore the specific surface area of CNTs was also found to be a factor in the adsorption of MCs. The results suggested that the selection of suitable size of CNTs as a kind of adsorbent is very important in the efficient eliminating MCs from drinking water in future.     

温度对铜绿微囊藻细胞浮力的调控机制

为了探讨温度对铜绿微囊藻细胞浮力的调控机制,将铜绿微囊藻分别置于10、15、20、25、30℃条件下,利用改良的percoll密度梯度离心法测得细胞密度,计算出细胞浮力大小,同时测量细胞内比生长速率、光合活性、NAD(P)H依赖型氧化还原脱氢酶活性、糖含量、蛋白含量和漂浮细胞百分比.结果显示,在实验温度范围内(10~30℃),随着温度升高,铜绿微囊藻的漂浮细胞百分率增加,浮力变大;同时,细胞内糖含量减少,蛋白含量增加,光合作用和NAD(P)H 依赖型氧化还原脱氢酶活性增强.10、15℃条件培养7d,细胞的密度分别增加了2.7%和1.3%,糖含量分别增加了95.3%和65.5%,漂浮细胞百分比分别降低了23.8%和18.3, NAD(P)H依赖型氧化还原脱氢酶活性分别降低了23.8%和18.3%;而20、25和30℃条件培养7d,细胞的密度则分别减少了2.8%、3.8%和3.2%,糖含量分别减少了8.5%、2.9%和19.4%,漂浮细胞百分比分别增加了0%、7%和8.5%,NAD(P)H依赖型氧化还原脱氢酶活性分别增加了0%、7%和8.5%.研究结果显示:温度主要通过影响铜绿微囊藻细胞的光合速率、生长代谢速率和伪空胞含量来改变细胞密度实现浮力调节.低温下糖含量增加是浮力消失的主要原因,细胞漂浮与沉降的温度阈值在15~20℃之间.     

化学防护服的功能性测试

本文主要探讨了化学防护服（CPC）的功能性测试过程,包括耐化学性能测试、整体性能测试、物理性能测试、人体工程学性能测试。评价CPC是否合格的前题是应该将它暴露在最糟糕的环境下,看它是否能够长时间的起到保护作用。化学防护中与暴露物体直接接触的特征决定了这一类服饰必须经过非常严格的测试才能被选择使用。由此可见性能测试的实用性,对于服装性能测试原理和过程的深刻理解有助于我们了解服装整体的防护性能,更好地做出选择。     

印染污泥特性及其掺煤焚烧处置的环境影响研究

对佛山6家印染厂污泥的基本性质和重金属污染进行了分析研究。结果表明:印染污泥有机质含量较高;对照农用污泥污染物限值和城镇污水处理污泥处置混合填埋用泥质标准,Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn不同程度超标,说明印染污泥既不能农用,也不能混合填埋。污泥浸出液中重金属浓度远低于危险废物浸出毒性限值和城镇污水处理厂污泥单独焚烧用泥质的污染物限值。污泥与煤掺混焚烧烟道气中二恶英浓度在0.0125～0.022 ngTEQ/Nm3,远低于GB 18485—2001《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》限值和GB/T 24602—2009《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置单独焚烧用泥质》限值。     

High cadmium pollution risk on vegetable amaranth and a selection for pollution-safe cultivars to lower the risk

A pot experiment was carried out by growing 29 different genotypes (Amaranthus spp.) of vegetable amaranth under low- (0.12 mg·kg^-1) and middle- (0.40 mg·kg^-1) cadmium (Cd) exposure. The result showed that amaranth was vulnerable to cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil. Variations of Cd concentrations in both roots and edible parts among genotypes were significant (P<0.001) in both treatments. Cd concentrations in edible parts of the tested genotypes grown under low- and middle-Cd levels were significantly correlated (p<0.01), implying that Cd-accumulating property of amaranth is genotype-dependent. Differences in Cd chemical forms between cv. Nanxingdayemashixian (cv. Nan), a selected typical pollution-safe cultivar (Cd-PSC), and cv. Pennongjianyexian (cv. Pen), a selected typical non-Cd-PSC, under different Cd exposure conditions were compared. It was found that the alternation of Cd in F_NaCl (Cd form extracted by 1 mol·L^-1 NaCl) may be a key factor in regulating Cd accumulation of different amaranth genotypes and that the protein-binding Cd is considered to be associated with Cd translocation. The results indicated that amaranth is capable of enduring high level of Cd pollution when grown as vegetable crop, and accordingly, consuming vegetable amaranth would bring high health risk. Therefore, adopting Cd-PSC strategy would help reducing the risk of Cd pollution in amaranth. In this study, cv. Nan was identified as a Cd-PSC and recommended to be applied production practice.     

论环境管理会计

如何利用环境财务会计信息为企业内部管理层进行经营决策、投资决策服务是环境管理会计的研究内容。目前,国内有关环境管理会计的研究还很欠缺。从环境成本的核算与管理,环境投资决策分析及环境业绩评价3方面对环境管理会计的核心内容进行了探讨。     

化学修饰在生物吸附中的应用

化学修饰技术可以掩蔽细胞壁上一些基团,从而使吸附量改变,利用该技术可以探讨生物吸附法去除金属离子的机理。化学修饰在环境污染治理方面有广阔的应用前景。     

石化污水反渗透浓水“零排放”技术

采用微滤—反渗透(RO)—蒸发—结晶工艺处理某石化企业的RO浓水,实现了RO浓水的“零排放”.试验结果表明:经加碱、微滤后,污水硬度平均减小率为98.8％,排出的滤渣平均质量分数为9.4％,减少了污水中有机物和微生物对后续RO膜的污染;微滤产水无需降低pH,可直接进入RO系统,电导率减小率可达98.0％;蒸发可将总固体质量浓度由13 290 mg/L增至172 155 mg/L,产水电导率为66 μS/cm.     

从重复重力测量资料中用场论方法提取孕震信息的探讨

根据重力场非潮汐变化的波长特征讨论了由重复重力测量结果中提取地震前兆场信息的可能性。文中提出并应用场论理论中重力梯度场变化的二维散度可突出与地震有比较直接关系的孕震信息。通过对北祁连河西地区几次强震的分析研究，认为重力散度较好地反映了地震发生前震源区的孕震特征，是一种值得进一步研究的方法。