不同氮浓度冲击对颗粒污泥脱氮过程中N2 O产生量的影响

采用好氧-缺氧SBR污水生物处理系统,考察不同进水NH4+-N浓度冲击对同步硝化反硝化型颗粒污泥脱氮过中N2O的释放规律和脱氮效果的影响.结果表明,当进水NH4+-N浓度分别从稳定的30 mg·L-1突然提高到40、60和80 mg·L-1时,氨氮去除率从80.04%降至61.40%、39.65%和31.02%,但氨氮的去除量变化不大,都在25 mg·L-1左右;另外,N2O产生量受进水NH4+-N冲击较小,在4个不同的进水NH4+-N浓度下,典型周期N2O产生量分别为3.019、3.489、3.271和3.490 mg·m-3,而且N2O释放速率都在0.004 5 mg·(m3·min)-1左右.同步硝化反硝化型颗粒污泥系统的好氧阶段和缺氧阶段均有N2O产生.不同的NH4+-N浓度冲击下,同步硝化反硝化型颗粒污泥系统对NH4+-N的去除量没有变化,但由于进水NH4+-N浓度的提高引起系统脱氮率显著下降.     

Electrochemical in situ regeneration of granular activated carbon using a three-dimensional reactor

Electrochemical in situ regeneration of granular activated carbon (GAC) saturated with phenol was experimentally investigated using a three-dimensional electrode reactor with titanium filter electrode arrays. The feasibility of the electrochemical regeneration has been assessed by monitoring the regeneration efficiency and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The influence of the applied current, the effluent flow rate, and the effluent path of the electrochemical cell have been systematically studied. Under the optimum conditions, the regeneration efficiency of GAC could reach 94% in 2 hr, and no significant declination was observed after five-time continuous adsorption-regeneration cycles. The adsorption of organic pollutants was almost completely mineralized due to electrochemical oxidation, indicating that this regeneration process is much more potentially cost-effective for application.     

Using sediment resuspension to immobilize sedimentary phosphorus

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The response of the transformation of internal phosphorus (P) to resuspended sediment was investigated in the sediment-water system under different...     

The relationship between maternal perfluoroalkylated substances exposure and low birth weight of offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Some studies have shown that maternal perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) exposure may be associated with low birth weight (LBW) of offspring. We...     

断路器欠压脱扣器抗冲击设计

主要应用于舰船等有冲击场合的断路器，其抗冲击性能要求很高。介绍了断路器欠压脱扣器在抗冲击方面的设计方法，此方法可以有效地削弱冲击力对欠压脱扣器的影响。     

渤海湾大气金属元素沉降和来源解析研究

干湿沉降是污染物从大气进入到地表生态环境的主要途径.渤海湾临近大气污染严重的京津冀地区,同时受航运交通排放影响,但渤海湾大气金属元素沉降量及其来源并不十分清楚.本研究于2016年11月—2017年10月在渤海西岸采集了大气沉降样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对样品中25种金属元素的含量进行了测定分析,估算了大气金属沉降量并进行了源解析.结果表明:沉降样品中25种元素的浓度变化范围为2458.8μg·L~(-1)(Ca)～9.9 ng·L~(-1)(Th),年沉降量变化为1229.9 mg·m~(-2)·a~(-1)(Ca)～5.0μg·m~(-2)·a~(-1)(Th).受降水量季节分布的影响,多数金属元素的沉降量在夏季最高,春秋季较低.除Be、Fe、Ni、Cr、Al、Th和U等元素外,其余18种元素都有不同程度的富集,特别是Cd、Ag、Se和Sb等元素已高度富集.燃煤(12.8%)、扬尘(25.9%)、工业(33.1%)和航运(28.2%)是渤海湾沉降样品中金属元素的主要来源,尤其是航运排放对海湾大气Sb、Cd和Mo沉降具有显著贡献.研究结果可为京津冀区域海陆协同发展和环境质量改善提供科学参考.     

Stable-isotope probing of bacterial community for dissolved inorganic carbon utilization in Microcystis aeruginosa-dominated eutrophic water

Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is an important source of carbon in aquatic ecosystems, especially under conditions of increased frequency of cyanobacterial bloom. However, the importance of bacteria in direct or indirect utilization of DIC has been widely overlooked in eutrophic freshwater. To identify the functional bacteria that can actively utilize DIC in eutrophic freshwater during cyanobacterial bloom, stable-isotope probing (SIP) experiments were conducted on eutrophic river water with or without inoculation with cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa). Our 16S rRNA sequencing results revealed the significance of Betaproteobacteria, with similar relative abundance as Alphaproteobacteria, in the active assimilation of H¹³CO₃^? into their DNA directly or indirectly, which include autotrophic genera Betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Other bacterial groups containing autotrophic members, e.g. Planctomycetes and Nitrospira, also presented higher abundance among free-living bacteria in water without cyanobacteria. Microcystis aggregates showed a preference for some specific bacterial members that may utilize H¹³CO₃^? metabolized by Microcystis as organic matter, e.g. Bacteroidetes (Cytophagales, Sphingobacteriales), and microcystin-degrading bacteria Betaproteobacteria (Paucibacter/Burkholderiaceae). This study provides some valuable information regarding the functional bacteria that can actively utilize DIC in eutrophic freshwater.     

Removal characteristics of microplastics by Fe-based coagulants during drinking water treatment

Microplastics have caused great concern worldwide recently due to their ubiquitous presence within the marine environment. Up to now, most attention has been paid to their sources, distributions, measurement methods, and especially their eco-toxicological effects. With microplastics being increasingly detected in freshwater, it is urgently necessary to evaluate their behaviors during coagulation and ultrafiltration (UF) processes. Herein, the removal behavior of polyethylene (PE), which is easily suspended in water and is the main component of microplastics, was investigated with commonly used Fe-based salts. Results showed that although higher removal efficiency was induced for smaller PE particles, low PE removal efficiency (below 15%) was observed using the traditional coagulation process, and was little influenced by water characteristics. In comparison to solution pH, PAM addition played a more important role in increasing the removal efficiency, especially anionic PAM at high dosage (with efficiency up to 90.9%). The main reason was ascribed to the dense floc formation and high adsorption ability because of the positively charged Fe-based flocs under neutral conditions. For ultrafiltration, although PE particles could be completely rejected, slight membrane fouling was caused owing to their large particle size. The membrane flux decreased after coagulation; however, the membrane fouling was less severe than that induced by flocs alone due to the heterogeneous nature of the cake layer caused by PE, even at high dosages of Fe-based salts. Based on the behavior exhibited during coagulation and ultrafiltration, we believe these findings will have potential application in drinking water treatment.     

流域水质预警体系研究与应用进展

流域水质预警是水质监控管理的重要组成部分,完善的流域水质预警体系可为流域水污染处理提供充足时间和所需信息,有效削减水污染对水环境造成的影响.对国内外的流域水质预警体系研究进展分别从预警体系目标、预警指标、预警阈值及模拟模型4个方面进行了综述,并且对目前国内外典型流域水质预警体系进行了分析.结果表明:流域水质预警体系目标主要从流域水体功能和水体污染风险2个方面进行考虑;预警指标可分为物化和生物毒性指标2类,生物毒性指标可弥补物化指标的不足,但不能完全替代,二者联合并施是未来预警指标筛选的发展方向;预警阈值的制定依据环境质量标准、排放标准、水质现状及污染源特征等信息,采用单指标多次报警、多指标联合报警或物化与生物毒性指标联合报警等方式,可提高预警体系的稳定和可靠性;污染物迁移转化模型已有一些成熟应用,但大部分模型依然需要大量的参数和历史数据才能保证准确性,因此对于大型流域难以适用.目前我国还未有国家层面完整的流域水质预警体系和相关流程在应用,特别是缺乏可靠的污染物迁移转化模型.未来应从建立典型流域水质预警体系着手,集成地方流域成熟应用的污染物迁移转化模型,逐步完善国家层面的流域水质预警体系,为我国流域水质安全提供保障.      

雄安新区水环境中对羟基苯甲酸酯含量及风险

于2019年6月对雄安新区和保定市周边地区地表水和地下水进行采样,分析水环境中7种对羟基苯甲酸酯（parabens）组分的含量水平及生态风险.结果表明：对羟基苯甲酸甲酯（MeP）和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯（PrP）的检出率为100%;地表水中的主要组分为MeP,占比达93.4%,地下水中的主要组分为MeP,对羟基苯甲酸乙酯（EtP）和PrP,三者占比达98.0%;地下水中parabens的含量水平高于地表水;地表水中parabens的浓度呈白洋淀下游高于上游的空间分布特征,而地下水中的parabens总量在安新县境内较高,平均浓度可达10.1ng/L;总体而言,当前雄安新区水环境中parabens的污染程度较低、生态风险较小.本文可为未来雄安新区建设中的水环境管理提供污染水平参比值和决策依据,也可为雄安新区水环境中其它药品和个人护理品（PPCPs）的污染研究提供参考.