氯化钡对水体生化自净过程影响的探讨

本文就不同浓度的钡对天然水的生化需氧过程、氨化及亚硝化过程的影响进行了探讨。发现大于5.00mg/l的钡在一定程度上抑制水体的生化需氧过程,增大钡离子的浓度,没有更有效地加强钡的抑制作用。同时,大于5.00mg/l的钡也对氨化和亚硝化过程产生影响,这种影响是通过降低这两个过程的反应速度来实现的。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯在天然水中的生物降解及其颗粒物界面效应

主要研究了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯在天然水体中的生物降解过程和颗粒界面作用对生物降解的加速作用。根据均相和非均相水环境中ＤＢＰ的生物降解模拟实验和理论推导，得出低浓度ＤＢＰ的降解速率与颗粒物浓度可以近似用线性关系表示，并用效应因子表示颗粒物对生物降解速率的影响。     

燃煤烟气中多环芳烃(PAHs)光化学降解的研究

研究了各种条件下，燃煤烟气中多环芳烃（PAHs）的光化学降解。实验结果表明，采用模拟日光中紫外部分的荧光灯照射，PAHs光解率随光照强度、照射时间、温度和水蒸气含量的增加而增大。由此推断，在夏季高温、潮湿和高日照条件下，PAHs一般在数小时内即全部降解。而在冬季低温、干燥和低日照的气候条件下，PAHs降解速率很小，可在大气中停留较长时间，扩散到较远距离。还提出了由烟气中水蒸气产生的气态OH自由基以及未燃尽烃类自由基与激发态PAHs碰撞导致发生PAHs污染物光化学降解的反应机理。     

Game theoretic analysis of environmental impact assessment system in China

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) system has been established in China since 1973. In present EIA cases, there are four participants in general: governments, enterprises, EIA organizations and the public. The public has held responsible for both social costs and social duties. The public supervises social costs produced by enterprises discharging pollutant in EIA. However public participation is mostly deputized by governments, which severely weaken the independence of the public as one participant in EIA. In this paper, EIA refers to the different attitudes of the participants whose optional strategies may be described by a proper game model. According to disfigurements in EIA, three sides (governments, enterprises, and EIA organizations) dynamic iterative game theory, dynamic game theory of incomplete information, and perfect Bayesian equilibrium theory to analyze the reciprocity relation among governments, EIA organizations and enterprises. The results show that in a short period, economic benefit is preponderant over social benefit. Governments and enterprises both do not want to take EIA to reveal social costs. EIA organizations’ income comes from enterprises and the collusions are built between them to vindicate economic benefit. In a long run, social benefit loss caused by environmental pollution must be recuperated sooner or later and environmental deterioration will influence the achievements of economic benefit, so both governments and enterprises are certain to pursue high social benefit and willing to take EIA, helpful to increase private benefit. EIA organizations will make fair assessment when their economic benefit are ensured. At present, the public as silent victims can not take actual part in EIA. The EIA system must be improved to break the present equilibrium of three sides, bringing the public to the equilibrium to exert public supervision.     

毛细管电泳与环境分析

介绍了毛细管电泳这一新技术的基本原理和分析特点,评述了近年来毛细管电泳技术在水、大气、土壤等环境分析中的应用概况,并展望了该技术在环境分析中的前景.     

厌氧-好氧填料床联合处理餐饮废水的研究

调查江苏省扬州市餐饮废水排放特征,开发出一种厌氧-好氧填料床联合反应器用于处理餐饮废水.通过试验确定上流式厌氧填料床水力停留时间为4h,当联合工艺的总水力停留时间为8h时,联合工艺对餐饮废水处理CODcr去除率达到了90%.出水中CODcr、NH3-N、SS、磷酸盐指标达到国家一级排放标准.     

生态补偿的融资——生态融资

围绕生态补偿中融资的三个基本要素，即；用什么资本融资，以什么方式融资，如何高效融资进行系列, 为生态融资活动提供理论指导和行动策略。     

化工生产过程中活性危害识别

讨论了化工生产过程中活性危害的基本概念、识别方法和步骤,并以苯胺生产装置为例,利用文中提出的方法和程序进行活性危害识别.     

多元线性回归与灰色联合模型在湖泊水质预测中的应用

根据对湖泊水体中所含高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总磷等主要化学指标及其相关因素人口、工业产值和污水排放量的数据,采用了多元线性回归方法建立了湖泊水质预测的数学模型。并用多元线性回归和灰色模型联合的方法进行实际预测,多元线性回归模型通过F检验认为回归方程的效果比较显著,灰色模型精度检验达到二级,收到了良好效果。     

三提高-实现可持续发展的基本途径

现阶段，人类社会不可持续发展的本质在于经济系统与自然系统之间的物质流动发生了滞障，通过分析人与环境所组成系统的物质流动规律表明，可持续发展不仅需要提高自然资源的生产利用率，还需要提高产品的重复利用率与废物再资源化率，最后，对提高三种利用率的经济机制以及它们的实现条件进行了探讨。