宜昌市山水林田湖生态保护与修复研究

在对宜昌生态环境现状调查和问题剖析的基础上,研究了宜昌市山水林田湖生态保护与修复的总体思路、目标指标、分区策略和重点领域。研究结果表明:宜昌市山水林田湖生态保护与修复应按照长江三峡库区生态保育片、西南武陵山-清江流域生态屏障片、东部支流沮漳河流域生态恢复片及中部长江沿线生态修复片四大片区系统实施流域水环境治理与保护、矿山环境治理与恢复、土地整治与土壤改良、生态系统与生物多样性保护四大类项目,形成关键技术整体解决方案。     

废水中微量Cr^6＋测定中的试样前处理

采用离子交换树脂预处理工业废水方法测定微量Ｃｒ＾６＋，排除了Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ｈｇ＾２＋等阳离子干扰，减除水中浊度、色度、免去冗长预处理手续，使原方法简便易行，回收率达９０％以上。     

河口水中矿物油分析的研究

紫外分光光度法在河口水中矿物油测定中，存在着标准油品的选择、水样萃取的乳化处理及河口水样测定方法选择等问题。提出了解决存在问题的可行方法，进一步完善测定方法。     

一项引人注目的气候变化应对措施 --刍议碳处理技术的开发和应用

综合归纳了当前各种二氧化碳的减排技术,介绍了国际上碳处理技术的最新进展,提出碳处理技术是一项不容忽视的气候变化应对措施,应引起我国政府和科学界、工业界的高度重视.     

APPLICATION OF TABU SEARCH TO GROUND WATER PARAMETER ZONATION1

ABSTRACT: The spatial distribution of hydrogeologic parameter is an important issue in ground water simulation. One of the methods is to divide an area into several zones such that parameters are assumed to be constant within zone. The purpose of this study is to apply Tabu Search (TS) to find the best zonation of parameters that can result in the best ground water simulation. The initial zonation can be determined as the Thiessen method, and then zonation is optimized by T.S. The mean square error between simulated and observed hydraulic heads was used as the objective function. A designed confined aquifer with known zonation was used as an example to test the proposed method. Results indicated that Tabu Search can locate the optimal zonation successfully and avoid being trapped by local optimal zonations. Besides this, four other arbitrary initial zonations can be directed to the optimal zonation by TS, which proves the robustness of the proposed method. The method proposed in this study is feasible and expected to work well in the field problems with sufficient sampling of concerned parameters.     

生化处理油田污水的新趋势

本文介绍了油田污水排放现状、特征和危害及生化处理在油田污水处理方面的成功应用。说明了生化处理在油田污水治理有着良好的运用前景。     

硅酸盐熔体结构与岩浆液态不混溶作用

本文简述了硅酸盐熔体结构和岩浆液态不混溶作用的基本特征，计算了玄武岩中基质和液态不混溶共轭熔体对（富铁相和富硅相）的NBO／T值，发现三者具有不同的熔体结构（NBO／T值明显不同），据此总结出硅酸盐熔体结构与岩浆液态不混溶作用之间的内在联系。同时利用硅酸盐熔体结构解释了组分对岩浆液态不混溶作用的影响。     

A new hypothesis for the etiology of Kaschin-Beck disease

Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) could be exogeneous free radical induced endemic osteoarthropathy under conditions of lacking necessary antioxidant defences.especially selenium-cored defence in Chinese eco-en-vironment. Experimental evidences have been provided for the internal relations among previously suggested pathologic factors, i.e., selenium deficiency, organic matters of drinking waterand mycotoxins from contaminated grains, based on the facts that the former is a preventory factor while the others are exogenous freeradical carriers. ESR spectrum shows that these exogenous free radical carriers have a property of semi-quinone compounds and are toxic in in-vitro cartilage cell culture and animal tests in inducing lipid peroxidation process.     

灭螺植物资源的开发利用研究

利用我国灭螺植物资源的优势 ,对32种药用植物[1]进行了灭螺实验 ,并从中筛选出5种对水陆两栖型钉螺(Oncomelaniahupensis)毒杀作用强烈、资源丰富、对环境污染较小的植物。研制了植物颗粒剂和植物粉剂两种灭螺剂型用于灭螺实验。实验结果表明 :植物颗粒灭螺剂对钉螺有强烈的毒杀作用 ,钉螺取食颗粒剂后24h死亡率分别达84 8%～100 % ,其毒杀效果明显优于相同植物的其它灭螺方法 ,对钉螺致死时间比1×10-3g/l氯硝柳胺化学灭螺剂提前12～24h。与其他植物灭螺方法比较 ,具有应用广泛、简便实用的特点 ,为利用植物资源进行灭螺提供了一种新的方法。