基于强化学习的城镇燃气事故信息抽取方法

为解决因城镇燃气事故调查报告标注样本缺乏,从而影响命名实体识别性能这一问题,提出基于BiLSTM-CRF+强化学习的燃气事故领域命名实体识别方法。首先在数据预处理阶段,采用基于文本结构的主旨段落抽取方法,识别事故调查报告的关键段落;其次在模型训练阶段,采用BiLSTM-CRF+强化学习模型,实现城镇燃气事故命名实体识别模型训练;最后利用城镇燃气事故调查报告作为试验数据进行验证。研究结果表明:经由强化学习模型降噪后,实体识别模型的综合评价指标提高5.76%,主旨段落识别方法相比Word2vec特征表示方法,使模型的综合评价指标提升7.17%。     

典型材料屋面积尘重金属形态分布与风险评估

以华南地区4种典型材料屋面(瓷砖、混凝土、金属和沥青)为研究对象,采用改进式BCR连续提取法对其屋面积尘中10种重金属(Ba、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sb、Sr和Zn)进行形态分析与风险评估.结果表明,屋面积尘重金属平均含量明显高于道路积尘.形态分析表明,Zn的酸溶态比例明显高于其他重金属,Pb和Cu主要以可氧化态存在,其余重金属均以残渣态为主;屋面积尘重金属可移动态比例表现为PbZnCuMnCoSrSbNiBaCr,其中Pb、Zn、Cu、Mn和Co可移动态比例均超过50%.环境风险评估发现,污染指数(Cf)与风险评价编码指数(RAC)最大值均为Zn,其生态风险较高.健康风险评估表明,屋面积尘重金属对成人与儿童非致癌风险均表现为:PbCrSbZnMnCuBaNiCoSr,其对成人非致癌风险均小于安全限值,不构成威胁,但Pb对儿童的非致癌风险高于安全限值,形成威胁;屋面积尘中Cr、Co和Ni低于致癌风险阈值,对人体无致癌风险.     

3例不同硒反应症状人血浆和血红细胞蛋白中硒的形态分布

用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ－ＨＰＬＣ荧光检测方法了３例人血浆和红细胞蛋白或其亚其中的硒分布。在所采集的硒中毒病人，无病人和大骨节病人血浆中，分别邮５，５和４条含硒条带，在红细胞中则分别检出４，４和３条含硒条带，人血浆白蛋白或血浆硒蛋白和血红蛋白是人血硒结合蛋白。     

膜法回收有机蒸汽进展

简要介绍了有机蒸汽（voc）的来源、分类及其对人体和环境的危害。介绍了膜分离技术在有机蒸汽回收中应用的工作原理、工艺设计特点和要求等。简要介绍了几种从VOC中回收溶剂的方法,并分析如何进行选择。较详细地论述了蒸汽渗透、气体膜分离、膜基吸收三种膜技术用于废气中挥发性有机化合物去除和回收的研究进展。论述了国外采用膜技术回收废气中VOC的工业应用情况,而中国的膜分离法回收VOC处于起步阶段,并就今后的发展方向进行了评述。     

土壤中苯氧羧酸类除草剂的降解动态

在室内模拟条件下研究了 2甲 4氯、2,4-D和除草醚在土壤中的降解动态 .将它们放在 3种不同有机质含量的土壤中培养 ,隔一段时间取出测定它们在土壤中的含量 ,发现随着时间的延长 ,它们的含量在逐渐减少 .在未考虑土壤中微生物的作用时 ,上述 3种农药在土壤中的稳定性与土壤中的有机质含量及 pH值似乎存在一定的相关性 .除草剂在有机质含量高的土壤中降解较快 ,2甲 4氯 ,2 ,4-D和除草醚在黑土中的降解半衰期分别为 28.6d,27.3d,71.5d;而在红土中的降解半衰期分别为223.6d,301.4d,97.6d,苯氧羧酸类除草剂在酸性土壤中表现得更为稳定 .     

全氟辛酸对酿酒酵母细胞毒性作用

全氟辛酸(PFOA)广泛应用于工业生产中,具有高度的生物毒性及生物蓄积性,然而PFOA对环境微生物的毒性影响仍有待深入开展.通过流式细胞术测定了酵母菌在不同浓度PFOA胁迫下细胞膜通透性、ROS、线粒体跨膜电位的变化,并且测定了MDA含量和Na+K+-ATPase、Ca2+Mg2+-ATPase活性变化.结果显示PFOA可使PI染色细胞比例增高,酿酒酵母细胞膜通透性增大、ROS和MDA含量升高、线粒体跨膜电位降低,且ROS含量、MDA含量与线粒体跨膜电位降幅均与PFOA胁迫浓度和时间呈正相关.Na+K+-ATPase、Ca2+Mg2+-ATPase活性先上升后降低,表明酿酒酵母在PFOA胁迫下,其生理活性受到抑制甚至发生细胞凋亡.证明PFOA对酿酒酵母具有生物毒性,100 mg·L-1PFOA对酿酒酵母具有即时毒性.该结果可为PFOA的影响评价提供更多依据.     

Spatial and temporal variations of two cyanobacteria in the mesotrophic Miyun reservoir, China

Spatial variations in phytoplankton community within a large mesotrophic reservoir （Miyun reservoir, North China） were investigated in relation to variations in physico-chemical properties, nutrient concentrations, temperature and light conditions over a 5 month period in 2009. The dynamics of phytoplankton community was represented by the dominance of cyanobacteria through summer and fall, following with a short term dominance of chlorophyta in late fall, and a relatively high abundance of diatom in October; on the other hand, maximum phytoplankton biomass was recorded in the north shallow region of Miyun reservoir with a higher nutrients level. Particular attention was paid to the impacts of environmental conditions on the growth of two cyanobacteria genera, the toxin-producing Microcystis and the taste ＆ odor-producing Oscillatoria. Microcystis biomass was in general greatly affected by water temperature and mixing depth/local water depth ratio in this reservoir, while the Oscillatoria biomass in the surface and middle layers was greatly affected by total dissolved phosphorus, and that in the bottom layer was related with the Secchi depth/local water depth ratio. Abundant Oscillatoria biomass was observed only in late September when Microcystis biomass decreased and allowed sufficient light go through.     

Emission inventory evaluation using observations of regional atmospheric background stations of China

Any accurate simulation of regional air quality by numerical models entails accurate and up-to-date emissions data for that region.The INTEX-B2006 (I06),one of the newest emission inventories recently popularly used in China and East Asia,has been assessed using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model and observations from regional atmospheric background stations of China.Comparisons of the model results with the observations for the species SO2,NO 2,O 3 and CO from the three regional atmospheric background stations of Shangdianzi,Longfengshan and Linan show that the model can basically capture the temporal characteristics of observations such as the monthly,seasonal and diurnal variance trends.Compared to the other three species,the simulated CO values were grossly underestimated by about two-third or one-half of the observed values,related to the uncertainty in CO emissions.Compared to the other two stations,Shangdianzi had poorer simulations,especially for SO2 and CO,which partly resulted from the site location close to local emission sources from the Beijing area;and the regional inventory used was not capable of capturing the influencing factors of strong regional sources on stations.Generally,the fact that summer gave poor simulation,especially for SO2 and O 3,might partly relate to poor simulations of meteorological fields such as temperature and wind.     

Aging-independent and size-dependent genotoxic response induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mammalian cells

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles(TiO_2 NPs) are subjected to various transformation processes(chemical, physical and biological processes) in the environment, potentially affecting their bioavailability and toxic properties. However, the size variation of TiO_2 NPs during aging process and subsequent effects in mammalian cells are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to illustrate the adverse effects of TiO_2 NPs in different sizes(5, 15 and 100 nm) during aging process on human-hamster hybrid(A_L) cells. There was an aging-time dependent enhancement of average hydrodynamic size in TiO_2 NPs stock suspensions. The cytotoxicity of fresh TiO_2 NPs increased in a size-dependent manner; in contrast, their genotoxicity decreased with the increasing sizes of NPs. No significant toxicity difference was observed in cells exposed to either fresh or 60 day-aged TiO_2 NPs. Both Fresh and aged TiO_2 NPs efficiently induced mitochondrial dysfunction and activated Caspase-3/7 in a size-dependent manner.Using mitochondrial-DNA deficient(ρ~0) ALcells, we further discovered that mitochondrial dysfunction made significant contribution to the size-dependent toxicity induced by TiO_2 NPs during the aging process. Taken together, our data indicated that TiO_2 NPs could significantly induced the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in an aging time-independent and size-dependent manner, which were triggered by mitochondrial dysfunction. Our study suggested the necessity to include size as an additional parameter for the cautious monitoring of TiO_2 NPs disposal before entering the environment.     

蓟运河水中甲基汞形态分布研究

以受汞污染的蓟运河水为对象,用化学平衡模拟方法研究了甲基汞不同形态的分布规律,运用IECWDI计算水体系化学平衡程序,收集蓟运河水九种金属离子、十种配体数据,考虑了72种络合物物种,25种可能生成的固体和两个氧化还原体系,计算中需用的甲基汞与黄腐酸络合物常数,建立了溶剂萃取法进行测定。最后计算了盐度、pH、pE等对形态分布的影响。