盐溶法去除糖厂滤泥中蛋白质的条件优化

通过盐溶法去除糖厂滤泥中蛋白质,以处理后滤泥中剩余的蛋白质含量为评估指标,研究了温度,NaCl的浓度,料液比,时间对蛋白质去除的影响.在单因素实验分析的基础上进行正交实验,对相关因素在不同水平上对实验结果的影响进行了分析.结果表明,盐溶法去除蛋白质的最优条件是温度为40℃,氯化钠溶液的浓度为1%,料液比为1:10,时间为90 min.处理后糖厂滤泥的蛋白质含量为1.36%,去除率为80%.     

膨胀石墨对U(VI)的吸附特性

高温加热可膨胀石墨制得膨胀石墨,用于去除溶液中的U(VI)。通过静态吸附实验,研究了初始pH、吸附剂投加量、U(VI)初始浓度、温度以及吸附时间对膨胀石墨吸附U(VI)效果的影响。实验结果表明,膨胀石墨吸附U(VI)的最佳pH为6.5,在温度为30℃,投加量为2.0 g/L,U(VI)初始质量浓度为10 mg/L时,对U(VI)的去除率达到98.08%,反应在4 h达到平衡。Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型较好地拟合了吸附过程,30℃时饱和吸附量为27.03 mg/g;热力学分析表明,膨胀石墨对U(VI)的吸附是自发的放热反应。比表面积测试、扫描电镜、X射线能谱与傅里叶红外光谱分析结果表明,膨胀石墨对U(VI)的吸附以物理吸附为主,表面官能团起辅助作用。解吸实验证明,膨胀石墨是可重复利用的吸附剂。     

低盐度对EGSB厌氧氨氧化反应器启动和运行的影响

考察了低盐度(以NaCl计,w/v)对厌氧氨氧化反应器启动和运行的影响。在水力停留时间为11 h的条件下,以普通活性污泥为接种污泥,分别以进水盐度为8 g/L和进水不含盐度启动并运行厌氧氨氧化反应器。结果表明,进水含有盐度和进水不含盐反应器启动时间分别为125 d和107 d,总氮去除率分别为(73.0±13.9)%和(78.4±3.7)%。运行阶段,进水含有盐度反应器总氮去除率始终低于进水不含盐度反应器。随回流比提升,两反应器颗粒污泥中值粒径增大。在不同回流比条件下,进水含有盐度反应器颗粒污泥中值粒径均小于进水不含盐度反应器。当回流比为7时,进水含有盐度反应器颗粒污泥EPS中多糖、蛋白质和腐殖质的含量均低于进水不含盐度反应器。两反应器EPS多糖与蛋白质的比值分别为2.8和3.1。低盐度对EGSB厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动、运行和颗粒污泥的形成有一定的影响。     

以不同底物和苯胺为燃料的微生物燃料电池的产电特性

通过构建空气阴极型双室微生物燃料电池,研究了以500 mg/L苯胺作为唯一燃料以及苯胺和不同底物共基质时MFC对苯胺的降解特性及MFC的产电性能。结果表明,在外电阻1000Ω,以500 mg/L苯胺为唯一燃料以及500 mg/L苯胺分别和500 mg/L乙酸钠,葡萄糖和可溶性淀粉作为共同基时的MFC运行周期分别为3、3.4、4.6和5 d;最大输出电压分别为273、450、428和380 mV;输出功率分别为142、225、201和160 mW/m2。苯胺去除率分别为68%、85.8%、71%和65%。内阻分别为931、524、564和751Ω,COD去除率分别为68%、85%、72%和65%。库伦效率分别为1.8%、7.9%、6.6%和4.5%。MFC可以使用苯胺作为唯一燃料,且当添加的基质不同时,MFC产电性能以及苯胺降解状况有所不同。利用MFC可以使苯胺高效快速降解的同时实现稳定的电压输出。     

金属离子强化餐厨垃圾高温厌氧发酵产酸

以经过高温驯化的污泥作为厌氧微生物,以餐厨垃圾作为发酵基质,向发酵体系中加入不同浓度Fe2+、Mg2+和Ni2+进行单因素实验。实验结果表明:当Fe2+、Mg2+和Ni2+加入量分别为800、250和0.50 mg/L时,挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的产量最大,分别为23.58、22.38和23.08 g/L;加入不同浓度Fe2+、Mg2+和Ni2+的厌氧发酵液相产物中丁酸含量均最高,但在一定浓度范围内随着金属离子的添加,发酵产物中丁酸所占的比例逐渐减小,乙酸所占比例逐渐增加;加入适量金属离子在一定程度上能够抑制发酵液中氨氮的溶出。     

Microfiber pollution: an ongoing major environmental issue related to the sustainable development of textile and clothing industry

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Textiles release microfibers to the environment during production, use, and at end-of-life disposal. There is a potentially large and growing risk to...     

Analysis of metabolic changes in Trichoderma asperellum TJ01 at different fermentation time-points by LC-QQQ-MS

Trichoderma spp. are among the most widely recognized biocontrol fungi used to inhibit pathogens and promote plant growth. These functions are related to primary and secondary metabolites. This study investigated the different metabolites in Trichoderma asperellum TJ01 cultured for 24 and 72?h using liquid chromatography with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Compared to the 24?h culture of T. asperellum TJ01, the 72?h culture with amino acid metabolism tended to decrease while sugar and lipid metabolisms tended to increase. Furthermore, the 72?h culture had a higher proportion of upregulated flavonoids, in combination with a higher proportion of downregulated alkaloids, and equal proportions of upregulated and downregulated polyphenols and hormones. This study also identified a few valuable medicinal substances such as trigonelline and 5-hydroxytryptophan in T. asperellum TJ01 fermentation cultures.     

Dissipation,residues, and risk assessment of imidacloprid in Zizania latifolia and purple sweet potato under field conditions using LC-MS/MS

A shortened version of Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method (QuEChERS) for determining the dissipation and residue of imidacloprid present in Zizania latifolia and purple sweet potato was established by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The average recoveries of imidacloprid in the two crops ranged from 82.12 to 113.79%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) of <7.32%. The dissipation dynamics of imidacloprid in Z. latifolia plants and purple sweet potato plants followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives of 3.2–5.5?days in each of sampling locations. The terminal imidacloprid residues in Z. latifolia and purple sweet potato at each of location were <0.005–0.120?mg kg^?1. According to the risk assessment results, both the acute dietary risk quotient and chronic dietary risk quotient values were <1, indicating that imidacloprid is unlikely to pose health risks to humans with normal recommended use. The present study may serve as a valuable reference for the safe and reasonable use of imidacloprid in Z. latifolia and purple sweet potato fields.