成熟小麦种子中残留的α-淀粉酶对小麦馒头品质的影响

α-淀粉酶通过降解淀粉产生发酵糖,并改变淀粉的物化特性,进而影响小麦制品的品质,其影响与α-淀粉酶来源、含量及小麦制品种类有关.成熟小麦籽粒中残留的α-淀粉酶活性存在极大差异,为了解迟熟α-淀粉酶对馒头品质的影响,以重组自交系群体中α-淀粉酶活性极端的小麦品系为材料,比较高低酶活材料制作的馒头品质之间的差异;并依据小麦...     

港口规划环境影响评价指标体系的研究

介绍了规划环境影响评价的发展及应用,根据规划环境影响评价及港口规划的特点,对港口规划环境影响评价的内容、技术路线和指标体系的建立进行了研究,并提出港口规划的环境目标和评价指标,为我国港口规划环境影响评价技术的完善提供借鉴。     

四川省眉山市“三线一单”编制案例分析

通过四川省眉山市“三线一单”编制试点工作的开展,探索出适合四川省情、尺度得当、具有可操作性的环境管控单元划分方法和适用技术方法以及生态环境准入清单制定原则,为全省“三线一单”编制工作的顺利推进起到了示范和引领作用。     

改性土-膨润土阻隔墙阻控离子型稀土矿氨氮污染

以土-膨润土为阻隔材料,使用硅灰及水泥对其进行固化改性,研究改性后阻隔墙对离子型稀土矿原地浸矿氨氮污染的阻控效果。通过了解阻隔墙材料的渗透性能、力学性能,并结合阻隔材料对氨氮的吸附效果、穿透效果和数值模拟结果,探讨改性土-膨润土阻隔材料对氨氮污染的阻控性能。结果表明:硅灰改性土-膨润土阻隔材料,最佳质量配比为硅灰∶土=1∶10,最佳含水率为67.80%;改性阻隔材料生成的铝硅酸盐提高了阻隔墙防渗性能,渗透系数为2.36×10~(-9) m·s~(-1);CaCO_3提高了材料的力学性能,使抗压强度达到0.896 MPa;改性阻隔材料对氨氮的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型及Langmuir等温模型。这说明该吸附过程以化学吸附为主,并且该吸附是放热过程。在不同氨氮浓度的穿透下,渗透系数呈逐渐减小的趋势,实验期间并未达到穿透浓度。利用Visual MODFLOW数值模型对阻隔墙的阻控效果进行模拟发现,7 300 d后NH_4~+扩散范围小,未穿透阻隔墙。硅灰改性土-膨润土阻隔墙用于对离子型稀土矿氨氮污染阻控的效果较好。     

米泉市大气污染与气象因子变化特征分析

通过对米泉市大气污染状况进行分析,揭示大气污染与其所处的地理特征、气象特征的关系,并对大气污染物TSP、降尘污染与气象因子变化特征进行分析,进一步阐述尘污染是影响米泉市大气环境质量的重要指标。     

基于因子分析法优选河流水体中氮浓度预测方法的研究

定量的河流水体中氮浓度预测方法有很多种,如何优选出预测精度较高的方法一直是学术界多年来致力于研究的重点。本研究采用因子分析法对预测方法的精度评价指标进行分析,并建立了预测方法精度的评价模型,对回归分析法、神经网络法、灰色系统法和增长率统计法4种水体氮浓度预测方法进行综合评估,优选出精度较高的河流水体氮浓度预测模型——BP神经网络预测模型。结果表明,此评估模型对类似研究具有一定的参考价值,能为选择出合适的河流水体氮浓度预测方法提供依据。     

Emission factors and particulate matter size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from residential coal combustions in rural Northern China

Coal consumption is one important contributor to energy production, and is regarded as one of the most important sources of air pollutants that have considerable impacts on human health and climate change. Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from coal combustion were studied in a typical stove. Emission factors (EFs) of 16 EPA priority PAHs from tested coals ranged from 6.25 ± 1.16 mg kg^?1 (anthracite) to 253 ± 170 mg kg^?1 (bituminous), with NAP and PHE dominated in gaseous and particulate phases, respectively. Size distributions of particulate phase PAHs from tested coals showed that they were mostly associated with particulate matter (PM) with size either between 0.7 and 2.1 μm or less than 0.4 μm (PM_0.4). In the latter category, not only were more PAHs present in PM_0.4, but also contained higher fractions of high molecular weight PAHs. Generally, there were more than 89% of total particulate phase PAHs associated with PM_2.5. Gas-particle partitioning of freshly emitted PAHs from residential coal combustions were thought to be mainly controlled by absorption rather than adsorption, which is similar to those from other sources. Besides, the influence of fuel properties and combustion conditions was further investigated by using stepwise regression analysis, which indicated that almost 57 ± 10% of total variations in PAH EFs can be accounted for by moisture and volatile matter content of coal in residential combustion.     

脉冲电解法预处理酸性染料废水

研究了脉冲电解法预处理酸性偶氮类染料废水的处理效果,考察了不同工艺条件对废水COD去除率、脱色率和可生化性的影响。结果表明,脉冲电源峰值电压12 V,频率600 Hz,占空比50%的条件下电解40 min后,COD去除率可达59%,废水脱色率达91.4%,BOD5/COD由0.09提高至0.34。在相同条件下,脉冲电解法的电流效率是直流电解法的2倍左右。与现行常用的铁/碳反应床相比,脉冲电解法在成本上也具有一定的优势,应用前景较好。     

农业化学品投入状况及其对环境的影响

农业生产中,农业化学品的大量使用产生了明显的负外部性影响,尤其是农业的面源污染问题随化肥、农药投入的增加而不断加剧。通过统计分析方法,对农业化学品投入数量及区域分布特征、农业化学品投入存在的问题及其所造成的面源污染问题进行分析。结果表明:化肥和农药总投入不断增加,其中河南、山东、江苏、安徽、湖北和湖南6省投入总额接近全国的一半;农业化学品使用存在过量投入、投入结构失衡和施肥施药技术落后等问题;农业化学投入品的过量使用造成的环境污染问题正不断加剧,农业面源污染排放对污染总量的贡献率不断上升。最后提出了相关政策建议,包括加强农业面源污染控制的政策框架和配套制度建设、推广成熟的化肥农药施用技术和加强农业环保教育。     

Changes in Soil Particulate Organic Matter, Microbial Biomass, and Activity Following Afforestation of Marginal Agricultural Lands in a Semi-Arid Area of Northeast China

Afforestation of agricultural lands has been one of the major land use changes in China in recent decades. To better understand the effect of such land use change on soil quality, we investigated selected soil physical, chemical and microbial properties (0–15 cm depth) in marginal agricultural land and a chronosequence of poplar (Populus euramericana cv. ‘N3016’) plantations (5-, 10-, 15- and 20-years old) in a semi-arid area of Northeast China. Soil bulk density significantly declined after conversion of agricultural lands to poplar plantations. Soil total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN) concentrations, microbial biomass C (MBC) and potential N mineralization rate (PNM) decreased initially following afforestation of agricultural lands, and then increased with stand development. However, soil metabolic quotient (qCO₂) exhibited a reverse trend. In addition, soil particulate organic matter C (POM-C) and N (POM-N) concentrations showed no significant changes in the first 10 years following afforestation, and then increased with stand age. These findings demonstrated that soil quality declined initially following afforestation of agricultural lands in semi-arid regions, and then recovered with stand development. Following 15 years of afforestation, many soil quality parameters recovered to the values found in agricultural land. We propose that change in soil quality with stand age should be considered in determining optimum rotation length of plantations and best management practices for afforestation programs.