纳米水滑石与Hela细胞的生物相容性研究

为了探讨纳米水滑石与Hela细胞的生物相容性,采用单细胞凝胶电泳法检测了纳米水滑石对Hela细胞DNA的损伤,并采用H2DCF-DA荧光法检测了纳米水滑石对Hela细胞活性氧簇的影响.结果发现,随着纳米水滑石浓度的升高(0~800μg·mL-1),Hela细胞尾部DNA含量、尾距及胞内活性氧簇含量均呈逐渐升高趋势;较低浓度(50、100μg·mL-1)纳米水滑石处理后,Hela细胞尾部DNA含量、尾距及胞内活性氧簇含量与对照组无显著性差异(p>0.05),而较高浓度(200、400、800μg·mL-1)纳米水滑石处理后,Hela细胞尾部DNA含量、尾距及胞内活性氧簇含量与对照组差异显著(p<0.05,p<0.01).以上结果表明,较高浓度(≥200μg·mL-1)的纳米水滑石可对Hela细胞DNA产生损伤,而较低浓度(≤100μg·mL-1)的纳米水滑石则具有较好的生物相容性,有可能作为载体应用于医药领域.     

血清对Hela细胞内硫醇浓度和甲醛诱导性DNA-蛋白质交联（DPC）的影响

吸入性甲醛如何将其遗传毒性从呼吸器官经血液转移全身?这是揭示"甲醛致白血病"这个科学问题的关键.以新生牛血清(NBS)为"模拟血液",以Hela细胞为实验材料,采用体外甲醛染毒实验,研究了培养基血清对细胞内硫醇浓度,以及对甲醛诱导性DNA-蛋白质交联(DPC)的影响.结果表明,当培养基中未添加血清时,250μmol·L-1甲醛仅引起较低水平的交联效应,同时细胞内硫醇浓度水平也较低;而加入1%和10%新生牛血清以后,甲醛诱导的DPC均显著上升(p<0.01,p<0.05),同时细胞内硫醇浓度水平也显著上升(p<0.05,p<0.01).培养基中新生牛血清能够再生Hela细胞内的硫醇,同时促进细胞DPC的形成.这可能为理解甲醛远距离毒性,解释吸入甲醛是否能导致白血病提供了基础.     

弃置平台与管线对海洋环境的影响

海洋平台及海底管线会随着海上油气田的开采完成而结束其使命,并置于废弃状态。文章论述了废弃平台管线结构由于废弃失效、清洗及拆除对海洋环境所造成的不良影响及其对海洋环境的持续性影响,并从完善规章制度、严格执行环评管理程序、加强海洋环境监测、合理选择弃置方案、再利用等五方面,对海洋环境的可持续发展,有针对性地提出了科学、可行的建议。     

基于双电极传感器的腐蚀电流检测系统抗扰技术

目的 针对金属电化学腐蚀中腐蚀电流检测,设计一种高精度I-V转换的微电流检测电路,突破宽范围微弱电流高精度检测技术。方法 通过分析电路的稳定性,针对100 pA~10 mA的微弱腐蚀电流采集,采用法安级偏置运放实现I-V转换,设计基于ADG708电子开关的8档自动调节电路,并通过24位ADC实现高精度模数转换。针对微弱电流采集中信号易受噪声的影响,设计自适应滤波器用于信号滤波处理。结果 通过MATLAB仿真自适应滤波器的有效性,结果表明,在采集i(k)=2sin(2πk)电流时,误差从0.29 mA(1σ)降低到0.003 9 mA(1σ)。通过电流源校准测试系统精度,在100 pA时误差最大,为4.7%;在10 mA时误差最小,为0.049%。当电流值低于100 nA时,测量误差可以控制在5%以内;100 nA以上时,测量误差可以控制在1%以内。结论 在微弱电流采样中引入自适应滤波器后,系统的采样精度显著提高,突破了宽范围的腐蚀电流采集技术,实现了微弱电流检测。可以将腐蚀电流应用在金属腐蚀速率的评价中。     

Exploring soil erosion trajectories and their divergent responses to driving factors: a model-based contrasting study in highly eroded mountain areas

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Soil erosion threatens environmental sustainability worldwide. Exploring the trajectories of soil erosion and associated drivers is of great...     

重大事故根源分析的周易社会层级模型研究

重大事故的发生有着多重的致因因素,目前国内流行的事故调查与分析主要是针对企业或者组织内部的人因与管理失误,缺乏对事故社会原因的分析与探讨。将国际上流行的事故致因理论与中国的传统文化周易相结合,提出了重大事故根源分析的"周易社会层级模型"假设,将重大生产安全事故的致因调查与根源分析划分为六个社会层级因素与防护屏障,包括直接原因(危险监控层)、间接原因(作业控制层)、系统原因(管理体系层)以及社会原因(公司治理层、标准规范层和法律法规层),并以此为基础开发出周易社会层级模型的重大事故根源分析工具。通过该模型在重大事故调查与根源分析实际案例中的应用,结果表明该模型不仅可以分析时间事件链中每个关键事件或状态的直接原因、间接原因和系统原因,还能找到公司治理、标准规范和法律规范等方面的社会原因,可为重大事故的调查与根源分析提供参考思路、方法和工具。     

Spatial simulation and LCA evaluation on the plastic waste recycling system in Tianjin

With the rapid economic development in China, the amount of plastic waste (PW) generated has greatly increased and much of the waste is currently not treated. To reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from recycling of PW, we estimated the PW flow and considered methods to improve the household PW recycling system in Tianjin by adjusting processes during transportation and establishing a PW recycling factory in Zi’ya Industrial Park. The goal of the study was to identify reasonable improvements for the recycling system and clarify the environmental load. Geographic information system (GIS) technology was used to simulate transport processes for comparing GHG emissions from the transport processes between the present case and an improved case. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to compare GHG emissions between a projected scenario and a baseline scenario. Estimated GHG emissions during transport processes in the improved case were reduced by about 12,197 t CO₂ eq per year compared to the present case, equivalent to about 65.9 % of the total emissions in the present case. GHG emissions in the projected scenario were about 101,738 t CO₂ eq less per year than the baseline scenario, equivalent to about 75.5 % of the total emissions in the baseline scenario.     

Second-order chlorine decay and trihalomethanes formation in a pilot-scale water distribution systems

It is well known that model-building of chlorine decay in real water distribution systems is difficult because chlorine decay is influenced by many factors (e.g., bulk water demand, pipe-wall demand, piping material, flow velocity, and residence time). In this paper, experiments were run to investigate the kinetic model of chlorine decay and the formation model of trihalomethanes (THMs) in pilot-scale water distribution systems. Experimental results show that the rate constants of chlorine decay, including wall decay and bulk decay, increasing with temperature. Moreover, the kinetic model of chlorine decay and the formation model of THMs describe experiment data of pilot-scale water distribution systems. The effect of different piping material on chlorine decay and THMs formation were also investigated. The rate constants of chlorine decay are ranked in order: stainless steel pipe, ductile iron pipe, and last, polyethelene pipe because wall decay is the largest in stainless steel pipe than that in other piping material. Correspondingly, the rate of THMs formation follows the order of stainless steel pipe, ductile iron pipe, and last, polyethelene pipe because of less chlorine in bulk water reacting with the trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP).     

银川东换流站MRTB转换失败引起闭锁原因分析

针对银川东换流站金属回线转换开关(Metallic Return Transfer Breaker,MRTB)转换失败引起直流闭锁的问题,通过对 MRTB 动作顺序、避雷器击穿原因、银川东换流站和胶东换流站保护动作进行分析,提出了采用延时 90 s 开放逆变站金属回线接地保护使能信号的方法,解决在转化过程中由于 MRTB 重合造成保护误动的问题。应用结果表明:该方法可以有效避免直流闭锁,保证了直流系统可靠运行。