海南制糖-酒精-能源-农业生态产业模式设计

运用产业生态学原理 ,结合研究区的产业特点 ,通过设计物质多级利用的生态工艺与相关生产过程的整合 ,将农业生产、甘蔗制糖、制糖废液生产酒精、酒精废液生产沼气、沼气发电、沼液作为有机肥灌溉农田、电厂固体废弃物生产建材等生产过程有机链接起来 ,一方面解决了海南制糖废液的环境污染问题 ,另一方面也使得 1 2× 1 0 4t糖蜜废液、4 0× 1 0 4t废糟液、2 1 3× 1 0 4t炉渣、2 2 38× 1 0 4t粉煤灰、2 4 0 0× 1 0 4m3 沼气、以及大量沼液、余热等外排废弃物因资源化而得到充分利用 ,提高了资源利用效率 ,与此同时也产生了显著的环境效益和经济效益     

港口煤翻车机房粉尘污染捕集的设计与应用

对煤翻车机房煤尘的污染现状进行了实际测量与数据分析,得到煤尘上扬的数学模型,设计了翻车机房扬尘的捕集系统,并对系统内各个装置的功能进行了分析。采用吹、吸互补并利用导流板的捕尘方式,使无序飞扬的粉尘变成了有序的流动,该方法解决了大区域、复杂工况环境捕集粉尘的问题。     

黔中岩溶地区草地土壤CO2的稳定碳同位素组成

黔中岩溶地区草地土壤 CO₂ 的δ¹³C值在地 -气界面层上随土层深度的增加而降低 ,在地 -气界面层以下 ,土壤 CO₂ 的δ¹³C值基本不变 .土壤 CO₂ 的 δ¹³C值存在季节变化与昼夜变化的特征 .夏季 CO₂ 的 δ¹³C值最高 (-15.5‰ ) ,冬季 CO₂ 的 δ¹³C值最低 (-18.9‰) ;从夏季到冬季 ,土壤 CO₂ 的 δ¹³C稳定值逐渐降低 ,降低幅度超过 3‰ .在一天中 ,中午土壤 CO₂ 的 δ¹³C值最高(-14.0‰ ) ,早晚土壤 CO₂ 的δ¹³C值较低 (-15.4‰ )     

Simulating uptake and transport of TNT by plants using STELLA

Understanding the uptake and transport of soil organic contaminants by plants is crucial to a successful application of phytoremediation technique. This study investigated the removal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from a contaminated sandy soil by a poplar tree (Populus fastigiata) through the examinations of temporal variations of xylem water potential, leaf water transpiration, and root water and TNT uptake. A dynamic model for Uptake and Translocation of Contaminants from a Soil-Plant ecosystem (UTCSP), developed using the STELLA software package, was modified for the purpose of this study. The model was calibrated using laboratory measurements prior to its application. Simulation results showed that about 25% of TNT was removed from the soil by the poplar tree in 90 days. Simulations further revealed that the rates of water and TNT up taken by roots had a typical diurnal variation pattern: increasing during the day and decreasing during the night, resulting from daily variations of xylem water potentials that were caused by leaf water transpiration. In general, the storage of TNT mass in the roots decreased with time and occurred partially because of the low availability of soil TNT as time elapsed and partially because of the biodegradation of TNT in the plant tissues. This study suggests that the UTCSP model could be a useful tool for estimating phytoremediation of soil TNT by a plant.     

燃油锅炉燃烧过程SO2的生成与排放特征

燃料燃烧过程是大气污染物的重要来源之一,对人体健康、空气质量和气候变化产生非常重要的影响。以62台燃油锅炉（≤10.5 MW）的燃料特性分析数据和SO₂排放实测数据为基础,通过统计分析方法,研究了燃油燃烧过程中燃油硫含量S和过量空气系数α对硫的转化率、SO₂排放因子和排放浓度的影响,获得了基于燃料消耗量、燃料发热量的SO₂排放因子EF_C、EF_H以及SO₂标态折算浓度C′_SO2与硫含量S间的关联式。结果表明,在过量空气系数α＞1的燃油燃烧过程中,EF_C、EF_H、C′_SO2与燃油硫含量S呈现出显著的线性正相关性,而与过量空气系数α无关,其关系式分别为：EF_C=18.86602×S,EF_H=443.78751×S ,C′_SO2＝1 509.28337×S;硫转化率η和基于燃料硫含量的SO₂排放因子EF_S则与燃油硫含量S和过量空气系数α无关,其平均值分别为96.3％和1.93 kg/kg。     

黄土高原苹果园土壤N_2O排放研究

从2007年5月1日到2009年4月30日对黄土高原苹果园氧化亚氮(N2O)排放采用静态箱气相色谱法进行了为期两年的监测.分别在距果树2.5m(D2.5)、1.5m(D1.5)、0.5m(D0.5)的位置采样.研究结果表明,苹果园N2O排放量年际变化较大,2008年5月到2009年4月的N2O排放量(2.74kg·hm-·2a-1)比2007年5月到2008年4月(2.27kg·hm-·2a-1)高20.7%,主要原因是2008年夏季降雨量是2007年夏季降雨量的1.92倍,使得2008年夏季N2O排放量是2007年夏季的2.81倍.2008年5月到2009年4月的排放系数(0.082%)是2007年5月到2008年4月排放系数(0.035%)的2.34倍.施肥后、冻融交替期、苹果树落叶的前期、降雨后苹果园都有高的N2O排放峰,N2O的季节变化受到这些短期事件的显著影响.而这些短期事件对N2O排放的激发效应又受到降雨量、土壤孔隙充水率(WFPS)和地温的调控.D2.5和D0.5两个处理的N2O排放与气温(p≤0.01)和地温(p≤0.01或p≤0.05)显著相关.D1.5处理N2O排放与气温(p≤0.05)显著相关.     

隧道侧部集中排烟模式下排烟速率对烟气层吸穿的影响研究

排烟速率是公路隧道侧部集中排烟模式下烟气层发生吸穿现象最为直接的影响因素.为研究隧道侧部集中排烟模式下烟气层发生吸穿现象的临界条件,分析了隧道侧部集中排烟过程中排烟口处烟气层的受力情况以及不同排烟速率对烟气层吸穿的影响,并结合前人相关的研究成果,进一步分析得到隧道侧部集中排烟模式下排烟口下方烟气层发生吸穿时的临界弗洛德...     

Photocatalytic decomposition of acrylonitrile with N–F codoped TiO2/SiO2 under simulant solar light irradiation

The solid acid catalyst, N–F codoped TiO₂/SiO₂ composite oxide was prepared by a sol–gel method using NH₄F as nitrogen and fluorine source. The prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis), ammonia adsorption and temperature-programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD), in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and N₂ physical adsorption isotherm. The photocatalytic activity of the catalyst for acrylonitrile degradation was investigated under simulant solar irradiation. The results showed that strong Lewis and Brønsted acid sites appear on the surface of the sample after N–F doping. Systematic investigation showed that the highest photocatalytic activity for acrylonitrile degradation was obtained for samples calcined at 450°C with molar ratio (NH₄F to Ti) of 0.8. The degradation ratio of 71.5% was achieved with the prepared catalyst after 6-min irradiation, demonstrating the effectiveness of photocatalytic degradation of acrylonitrile with N–F codoped TiO₂/SiO₂ composite oxide. The photocatalyst is promising for application under solar light irradiation. Moreover, the intermediates generated after irradiation were verified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis and UV–Vis spectroscopy to be simple organic acids with lower toxicity, and the degradation pathway was also proposed for acrylonitrile degradation with the prepared catalyst.     

气相色谱法测定废气中的丁酮

建立了用气相色谱法测定废气中丁酮的方法.废气中丁酮活性炭吸附,二硫化碳解吸,NNOWAX毛细管柱分离,直接进样分析,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,时间定性,峰面积定量,其丁酮回收率为90.2％ ～104.3％,当采样体积为30L,丁酮最低检出质量浓度为0.001 mg/m3.本方法前处理简便,分离度好干扰少,分析灵敏度高,有机试剂使用量少,满足环境分析要求.     

IC＋A/O＋BIOFOR处理高浓度有机废水工程实例

江西某生物化工有限公司在生产乳酸的过程中产生大量高浓度有机废水,采用IC＋A/O＋BIOFOR联合工艺进行处理。当进水ρ（COD）平均为5 483 mg/L,ρ（NH3-N）平均为97.83 mg/L时,出水ρ（COD）平均为84 mg/L,去除率达98%;出水ρ（NH3-N）平均为12.07 mg/L,去除率为88%...