铬渣的固化/稳定化研究

探讨了用水泥粘结剂对铬渣进行稳定化的方法。结果表明，把高炉矿渣和粉煤灰加入水泥基材中对铬渣进行固化，固化体抗压强度达到30MPa以上，浸出毒性大大降低，浸了同液中六价铬浓度在容许范围内，建议可以综合利用。     

Methane fluxes from tundra soils and snowpack in the maritime Antarctic

Methane fluxes were measured from three exposed tundra sites and four snowpack sites on the Fildes Peninsula in the maritime Antarctic in the summertime of 2002. The average fluxes at two normal tundra sites were −15.3 μg m⁻² h⁻¹ and −14.3 μg m⁻² h⁻¹, respectively. The fluxes from tundra site with fresh penguin dropping addition showed positive values with the average of 36.1 μg m⁻² h⁻¹, suggesting that the deposition of fresh droppings greatly enhanced CH₄ emissions from the poor Antarctic tundra during penguin breeding periods. The summertime variation in CH₄ flux was correlated with surface ground temperature and the precipitation. The correlation between the flux and PT₀, which is the product of the precipitation and surface ground temperature, was quite strong. The diurnal cycle of CH₄ flux from the tundra soils was not obtained due to local fluky weather conditions. The fluxes through four snowpack sites were also obtained by the vertical CH₄ concentration gradient and their average fluxes were −46.5 μg m⁻² h⁻¹, −28.2 μg m⁻² h⁻¹, −46.4 μg m⁻² h⁻¹ and −17.9 μg m⁻² h⁻¹, respectively, indicating that tundra soils under snowpack also consume atmospheric CH₄ in the maritime Antarctic; therefore these fluxes could constitute an important part of the annual CH₄ budget for Antarctic tundra ecosystem.     

深床过滤机理及其在水处理中的应用研究与进展

深床过滤既有过滤功能,又具生物处理作用,具有良好的应用前景;本文阐述了深床过滤的最新研究动向,深床过滤过程的数学模型的构建方法,国内外利用深床过滤技术处理微污染水源水、城市生活污水及污水深度处理的实验研究状况.     

农林生物质在含铬废水处理中的应用

农林生物质作为低成本吸附剂在环境污染治理中日益受到重视。综述了农林生物质在含铬废水处理中的应用研究进展，分析了生物质处理含铬废水的机理、影响因素，指出了生物质法处理含铬废水的发展方向。     

Adsorption of nitrosamines in acidic solution by zeolites

Adsorption of N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) by zeolite NaZSM-5, Hbeta and NaZSM-11 in acidic solution with pH of 1 was investigated. The NPYR uptake process obeyed the first-rate Lagegren kinetic equation describing adsorption, and the equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir or Freundlich adsorption equation. Zeolite ZSM-5, Hbeta and NaZSM-11 possessed a higher adsorption capacity than amorphous silica or ordered mesoporous siliceous SBA-15, implying their potential application for adsorption of nitrosamines in gastric juice to anti-cancer.     

Effect of pH on phosphine production and the fate of phosphorus during anaerobic process with granular sludge

The effect of pH on phosphine formation during anaerobic cultivation of granular sludge was investigated. The sludge was taken from full-scale anaerobic reactors treating brewery wastewater. Acetate and phosphate were used as the carbon source and phosphorus source respectively. After 10 days cultivation in the dark, results showed that acidic conditions were more favorable for free phosphine production. At pH 5, the optimum concentration 86.42 ng PH3 m-3 of free phosphine was obtained. The level at pH 7 was reduced to 18.53 ng PH3 m-3, about 1/5 of the maximum. The maximum concentration of matrix-bound phosphine of 3.30 ng PH3 kg-1 wet sludge was achieved at pH 6. More than 83% of the total phosphine was matrix-bound phosphine, which accounted for 0.003-0.009 per thousand of the phosphate removal, while free phosphine comprised 0.00002-0.001 per thousand of the phosphate removal. Most of the phosphorus removal from solution was turned into chemical precipitation or was adsorbed by sludge. The mechanism of the phosphate reduction-step in the formation of phosphine production is still unknown. The promotion of phosphine formation by low pH is compatible with an acidic bio-corrosion mechanism of metal particles in the sludge or of metal phosphides which form phosphine at low pH.     

污泥膨胀形成机理及控制措施研究现状和进展

污泥膨胀现象在全球污水处理厂普遍存在,已成为制约活性污泥工艺发展的重大难题之一.本文总结了丝状细菌研究现状;重点阐述了当前引起污泥膨胀的主要机理;说明了基于这些机理的选择器控制理论;给出了主要的选择器类型.对当前关于污泥膨胀的研究进展和方向,分别从微生物和数学模型2个方面进行了讨论,最后,提出了一系列亟待解决的问题.     

黄磷废水处理技术

黄磷废水成分复杂,含P4、F-和CN-等多种有毒有害物质,污染严重,须经过处理达标后方可排放.目前国内黄磷废水处理通常采用物化法,其又可分为沉淀氧化法和闭路循环法.分别就这2种技术方法的处理过程及优缺点进行了探讨,并对其存在问题的解决提供了思路.     

悬浮颗粒物在河道滞留塘系统中的沉降与沉积特性

河道滞留塘系统是以颗粒物沉降为污染物主要净化机理的污染河流净化技术.通过1年的现场试验研究,考察了悬浮颗粒物SS在滞留塘中的沉降和沉积特性.在本试验条件下,随水力停留时间(HRT)延长(HRT为1.5～7 h),SS平均去除率逐渐增加,介于20%～40%之间,而SS去除速率则快速降低,SS去除速率与进水SS浓度成正比关系;不同季节河水中SS的沉降性能有较大差异,冬季河水中有机物含量较低的易沉降颗粒物比例较春秋季河水的为高,滞留塘HRT的选择应以去除易沉降颗粒物为标准,本研究条件下5 h以内是适宜的HRT选择范围.在滞留塘动态运行中,SS的沿程沉积量呈指数规律下降.     

前处理-水解-生物接触氧化工艺处理染料废水

介绍了前处理-水解-生物接触氧化工艺处理染料废水的工程实例.当进水COD≤8000 mg/L时,出水可达到国家〈污水综合排放标准〉（GB8978-1996）二级标准.