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861.
Baohua Tang Lingyan Zhu Qixing Zhou 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(1):99-110
The joint toxicity of Penta-BDE (Pe-BDE) and heavy metals including cadmium and copper on Daphnia magna (D. magna) was evaluated on the basis of determining the 48 h survival, antioxidative enzyme responses, and lipid peroxidation. The
response was classified as additive, greater than additive, or less than additive by comparing the measured “toxic units,
TU” with one. Based on the survival of D. magna, less-than-additive interactions were found in most of mixtures treatments. This may be attributed to the different toxicity
mechanism between Pe-BDE and metals. Cu and Cd played a greater role in toxicity than what Pe-BDE did. As for the superoxide
dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, most response was less than additive. For the glutathione S-transferases (GST) activity, most of the greater-thanadditive responses were found in the Cu plus Pe-BDE treatments, but
the additive responses occurred in Cd plus Pe-BDE treatments and binary metal treatments. For lipid peroxide levels, which
were measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, less-than-additive response occurred in the 50% Cd plus 50% Cu and ternary
mixture treatments. Results suggested that Pe-BDE, Cd, and Cu could induce different patterns of antioxidant enzyme responses,
such as antioxidant/prooxidant responses, depending on their capability to produce reactive oxygen species and antioxidant
enzymes to detoxify them. 相似文献
862.
Yanhui Zhan Jianwei Lin Yanling Qiu Naiyun Gao Zhiliang Zhu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(1):65-75
Surfactant-modified natural zeolites (SMNZ) with different coverage types were prepared by loading hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium
bromide (HTAB) onto the surface of a natural zeolite. The adsorption behavior of humic acid (HA) on SMNZ was investigated.
Results indicate that the adsorbent SMNZ exhibited a higher affinity toward HA than the natural zeolite. HA removal efficiency
by SMNZ increased with HTAB loading. Coexisting Ca2+ in solution favored HA adsorption onto SMNZ. Adsorption capacity decreased with an increasing solution pH. For typical SMNZ
with bilayer HTAB coverage, HA adsorption process is well described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The experimental
isotherm data fitted well with the Langmuir model. Calculated maximum HA adsorption capacities for SMNZ with bilayer HTAB
coverage at pH 5.5 and 7.5 were 63 and 41 mg·g−1, respectively. E2/E3 (absorbance at 250 nm to that at 365 nm) and E4/E6 (absorbance at 465 nm to that at 665 nm) ratios of
the residual HA in solution were lower than that of the original HA solution. This indicates that the HA fractions with high
polar functional groups, low molecular weight (MW), and aromaticity had a stronger tendency for adsorption onto SMNZ with
bilayer HTAB coverage. Results show that HTAB-modified natural zeolite is a promising adsorbent for removal of HA from aqueous
solution. 相似文献
863.
Zhaoxing Han Zhenyao Shen Yongwei Gong Qian Hong 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(1):119-129
Emission trading is one of the most effective alternatives to controlling water pollution. Water environmental functional
zone (WEFZ) is used to determine the water quality standard and identify the zone boundary for each river or reach. In this
study, a new emission trading scheme was addressed based on WEFZ, accounting for both the temporal dimension and water quality
control. A temporal factor of emission trading was proposed based on variations in the environmental capacity within a year
by dividing the year into three periods, including high, normal, and low periods of environmental capacity. During each period,
emission trading was implemented exclusively. A water quality-control scheme was suggested based on the water quality requirement
in the water functional zone, in which the water quality at the downstream boundary of the zone was required to meet the water
standard following auto-purification in the stream. Two methods of calculating water quality control are addressed for point-source
pollution and non-point-source pollution. The calculated temporal dimension and water quality control were located in Dongxi
River of the Daning Watershed in the Three Gorges Watershed. The high period was during June, July, and August, the normal
period was during April, May, September, and October, and the low period was during January, February, March, November, and
December. The results from the water quality calculation demonstrated that the discharge of point-source and non-point-source
pollutions led to an excess of common contaminants at the downstream boundary of WEFZ. The temporal and spatial factors above
should be incorporated into the emission trading scheme based on WEFZ. 相似文献
864.
针对环境样品采用钼酸铵分光光度法测定的总磷中,影响显色的二个因素进行了分析,对加入显色刺后的混合过程对显色结果的影响,以及环境条件的温度对显色的影响进行了研究,对总磷测定时准确度及精密度的提高有着重要的参考价值,是对钼酸铵法测定总磷方法的完善。 相似文献
865.
Jiarui Han Qian Ye Zhongwei Yan Meiyan Jiao Jiangjiang Xia 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(4):533-542
The purpose of improving weather forecast is to enhance the accuracy in weather prediction. An ideal forecasting system would
incorporate user-end information. In recent years, the meteorological community has begun to realize that while general improvements
to the physical characteristics of weather forecasting systems are becoming asymptotically limited, the improvement from the
user end still has potential. The weather forecasting system should include user interaction because user needs may change
with different weather. A study was conducted on the conceptual forecasting system that included a dynamic, user-oriented
interactive component. This research took advantage of the recently implemented TIGGE (THORPEX interactive grand global ensemble)
project in China, a case study that was conducted to test the new forecasting system with reservoir managers in Linyi City,
Shandong Province, a region rich in rivers and reservoirs in eastern China. A self-improving forecast system was developed
involving user feedback throughout a flood season, changing thresholds for flood-inducing rainfall that were responsive to
previous weather and hydrological conditions, and dynamic user-oriented assessments of the skill and uncertainty inherent
in weather prediction. This paper discusses ideas for developing interactive, user-oriented forecast systems. 相似文献
866.
867.
本文提出了以固定混合器作为促进混合效果装置的快速混合法,并以E.Coli作为指示微生物、液氯作为消毒剂进行了研究。结果表明,均匀快速而剧烈的初始混合作用,可大大改善灭菌效果。在短至5秒的接触时间内即可达到99.99%以上的灭活效率。投氯量和接触时间对E.Coli灭活率的影响随混合程度的提高而减弱。与传统法相比,灭活率可提高100倍以上,投氯量可下降4—8倍,接触时间可大大缩短。 相似文献
868.
本文详细研究了在硫酸介质中,邻苯氨基苯甲酸与NO_3~-和NO_2~-离子显色体系的光度性质与形成条件。结果表明,显色产物的最大吸收λ_(?)位于560—565nm。在此波长下,表观摩尔吸光系数分别为:ε′NO_3~-=1.07×10~5和ε′NO_2~-=1.77×10~5。符合Beer定律的浓度范围为:0.03—0.15 μg/ml(NO_2~--N)和0.05—0.20 μg/ml(NO_3~--N)。据此,拟定了分光光度联合训定NO_3~--N和NO_2~--N的新方法,应用于地表水的测定,得到了满意的结果。 相似文献
869.
杭州西湖底泥释磷及其对富营养化的影响 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
杭州西湖是一个小型浅水湖泊,其底泥由上部藻骸腐泥和下部泥炭层构成。西湖底泥的显著特点是有机碳含量特别高,氮和磷含量也相当高。通过实验室和现场模拟研究,考察了pH、温度、溶解氧、氧化还原电位及上复水种类等环境因素对底泥释磷量和释磷速率的影响。上复水pH值在6.5—7.0范围内底泥释磷量最低;在较高或较低pH值时,底泥释磷量倍增。升高水温或降低上复水溶解氧浓度均能加速磷释放。实验室模拟西湖底泥最大释磷量为0.368μg/g。夏季现场模拟平均释磷速率为1.02mg/m~2·d;估算西湖底泥释磷量达1.346t/y,相当于年平均外部入湖磷负荷的36.4%。底泥释磷对西湖富营养化有着不容忽视的影响。 相似文献
870.
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯废料的回收方法 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
介绍了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯传统的化学回收方法:甲醇醇解法、水解法和醣酵解法;简述了聚酯新的回收工艺:伊斯曼乙二醇水解工艺、超临界水水解工艺和Reco-PET工艺,及有关国家聚酯回收的工业化实践,并对聚酯回收的前景及影响聚酯回收的因素进行了分析。 相似文献