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381.
Xuelu Gao Fengxia Zhou Hon-Kit Lui Jiann-Yuh Lou Chen-Tung Arthur Chen Wen Zhuang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(11):10494-10503
The concentration and geochemical fractionation of six trace metals related with environmental quality assessment, namely Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, in 30 surface sediments from both inshore and offshore areas of the Taiwan Strait were measured to investigate their distribution characteristics, evaluate their potential mobility, and assess their pollution status. The geoaccumulation index results indicated that, on average, the studied metals presented an order of Cd?>?Pb?>?Ni?>?Zn?>?Cu?>?Cr and were practically in uncontaminated status except Cd. The results of the sequential extraction analysis indicated that, on average, the studied metals were mostly accumulated in residual fraction except Cd whose concentration was the highest in the acid soluble fraction presenting a high risk to the environment, and their mobility decreased in the sequence of Cd?>?Pb?>?Ni?>?Cu?>?Zn?>?Cr. Based on the mean probable effect level quotients, the combination of the studied metals had an 8 % probability of being toxic at two sampling sites and had a 21 % probability of being toxic at the rest of sites. The spatial distribution of the studied metals in total concentrations and different geochemical fractions corroborated the previous findings about the possible sediment transportation routes in and around the Taiwan Strait. 相似文献
382.
Qi Li Xijuan Chen Jie Zhuang Xin Chen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(12):11533-11548
Organic pollutants in soils might threaten the environmental and human health. Manufactured nanoparticles are capable to reduce this risk efficiently due to their relatively large capacity of sorption and degradation of organic pollutants. Stability, mobility, and reactivity of nanoparticles are prerequisites for their efficacy in soil remediation. On the basis of a brief introduction of these issues, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the application and effectiveness of various types of manufactured nanoparticles for removing organic pollutants from soil. The main categories of nanoparticles include iron (oxides), titanium dioxide, carbonaceous, palladium, and amphiphilic polymeric nanoparticles. Their advantages (e.g., unique properties and high sorption capacity) and disadvantages (e.g., high cost and low recovery) for soil remediation are discussed with respect to the characteristics of organic pollutants. The factors that influence the decontamination effects, such as properties, surfactants, solution chemistry, and soil organic matter, are addressed. 相似文献
383.
Guor-Cheng Fang Yu-Chen Kuo Yuan-Jie Zhuang Kai-Hsiang Tsai Wen-Chuan Huang 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2017,39(4):879-887
This study characterized diurnal variations in the compositions of total suspended particulates (TSP) and dry deposits of particulates from ambient air, and the metallic elements that are contained in them at harbor, airport and farmland (HAF) sampling sites from August, 2013 to July, 2014. Two-way ANOVA of the amounts of metallic elements in the TSP and dry deposits was carried out in all four seasons at the HAF sampling sites. The metallic elements Cr and Cu originated in local emission sources at the airport. Metallic elements Zn and Pb originated in local emission sources at the harbor. Finally, metallic element Cd originated in local emissions form farmland. The following results were also obtained. (1) The metallic composition of the TSP differed significantly from that of the dry deposits in all four seasons at the harbor and farmland sampling sites, but not at the airport sampling site. (2) High correlations coefficients were found between the amounts of metallic elements Cr and Cu in the TSP and those in the dry deposits at the airport sampling site. (3) Pb was present in the TSP and the dry deposits at the harbor sampling site. 相似文献
384.
Guor-Cheng Fang Chaur-Tsuen Lo Meng-Hsien Cho Yuan-Jie Zhuang Kai-Hsiang Tsai Chao-Yang Huang You-Fu Xiao 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2017,39(4):901-911
The main purpose of this study was to monitor ambient air particulates and mercury species [RGM, Hg(p), GEM and total mercury] concentrations and dry depositions over rural area at Longjing in central Taiwan during October 2014 to September 2015. In addition, passive air sampler and knife-edge surrogate surface samplers were used to collect the ambient air mercury species concentrations and dry depositions, respectively, in this study. Moreover, direct mercury analyzer was directly used to detect the mercury Hg(p) and RGM concentrations. The result indicated that: (1) The average highest RGM, Hg(p), GEM and total mercury concentrations, and dry depositions were observed in January, prevailing dust storm occurred in winter season was the possible major reason responsible for the above findings. (2) The highest average RGM, Hg(p), GEM and total mercury concentrations, dry depositions and velocities were occurred in winter. This is because that China is the largest atmospheric mercury (Hg) emitter in the world. Its Hg emissions and environmental impacts need to be evaluated. (3) The results indicated that the total mercury ratios of Kaohsiung to that of this study were 5.61. This is because that Kaohsiung has the largest industry density (~60 %) in Taiwan. (4) the USA showed average lower mercury species concentrations when compared to those of the other world countries. The average ratios of China/USA values were 89, 76 and 160 for total mercury, RGM and Hg(p), respectively, during the years of 2000–2012. 相似文献
385.
This study aimed to determine the effect of exposure to heavy metals in pregnant women in Beijing, China. We also evaluated the association of these heavy metals with birth weight and length of newborns. We measured the levels of 10 heavy metals,including lead(Pb), titanium(Ti), manganese(Mn), nickel(Ni), cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), antimony(Sb), stannum(Sn), vanadium(V), and arsenic(As), in 156 maternal and cord blood pairs. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method was used for measurement. Pb, As, Ti, Mn, and Sb showed high detection rates( 50%) in both maternal and cord blood. Fourteen(9%) mothers had blood Pb levels greater than the United States Center for Disease Control allowable threshold limit for children(50 μg/L).In prenatal exposure to these heavy metals, there was no significant association between any heavy metal and birth weight/length. Moreover, we estimated the placental transfer efficiency of each heavy metal, and the median placental transfer efficiency ranged from 49.6%(Ni) to 194%(Mn)(except for Cd and Sn). The level and detection rate of Cd in maternal blood were much higher than that in cord blood, which suggested that Cd had difficulty in passing the placental barrier. Prospective research should focus on the source and risk of heavy metals in non-occupationally exposed pregnant women in Beijing. 相似文献
386.
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388.
研究了在25℃条件下重铬酸钾对方形网纹涤Ceriodaphniaquadrangula(O,F.Muler)存活、生殖和生长的影响。急性试验求得铬铬酸钾对该僵的24h和48hBc50值分别为1.0179mg/L和0.4127mg/L;其可信限分别为0.4698一1.7180mg/L和0.1980一0.6988mg/L。慢性试验以存活、生殖和生长为毒性指标,未觉察反应浓度(NOEC)为0.0625mg/L,最低觉察反应浓度(LOEO)为0.1250mg/L,其应用系数在0.15一0.30之间。流水试验(NOEC)为0.03125mg/L,(LOEC)为0.0625mg/L,其应用系数在0.08一0.15之间。结果还表明生长是最敏感的指标。 相似文献
389.
城市环境噪声测量中布点数的优化研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
应用主成分分析,模糊聚类概念及动态规划方法对环境噪声测量的布点数进行优化研究。所建立的模型试用于厦门市环境噪声布点数的优化研究。 相似文献
390.
本文介绍了利用美达棉纤维持载生物摸法处理石化废水中油的试验结果。当废水在柱内停留时间为6.3h,废水中油的处理效果是令人满意的。在同一含停留时间下入流水的CODcr从420mg/L变到1832mg/L时,出流水的CODcr在168.5mg/L以下。 相似文献