ABR-接触氧化-化学氧化组合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液方法研究

以垃圾渗滤液为研究对象,应用ABR 接触氧化 化学氧化组合工艺进行处理。通过分阶段污泥培养驯化以及变容积负荷进行试验研究,试验结果表明:进水有机负荷小于10 kg COD/(m3·d),好氧出水COD稳定在1 000~1 500 mg/L,去除率可以稳定在80%~85%;好氧池出水经过Fenton氧化处理,出水COD小于100 mg/L。该组合工艺对垃圾渗滤液能够进行有效处理,运行效果较好,技术上可行。     

Effect of the chlortetracycline addition method on methane production from the anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater

Effects of antibiotic residues on methane production in anaerobic digestion are commonly studied using the following two antibiotic addition methods：（1） adding manure from animals that consume a diet containing antibiotics, and（2） adding antibiotic-free animal manure spiked with antibiotics. This study used chlortetracycline（CTC） as a model antibiotic to examine the effects of the antibiotic addition method on methane production in anaerobic digestion under two different swine wastewater concentrations（0.55 and 0.22 mg CTC/g dry manure）. The results showed that CTC degradation rate in which manure was directly added at 0.55 mg CTC/g（HSPIKE treatment） was lower than the control values and the rest of the treatment groups. Methane production from the HSPIKEtreatment was reduced（p 〈 0.05） by 12% during the whole experimental period and 15% during the first 7 days. The treatments had no significant effect on the pH and chemical oxygen demand value of the digesters, and the total nitrogen of the0.55 mg CTC/kg manure collected from mediated swine was significantly higher than the other values. Therefore, different methane production under different antibiotic addition methods might be explained by the microbial activity and the concentrations of antibiotic intermediate products and metabolites. Because the primary entry route of veterinary antibiotics into an anaerobic digester is by contaminated animal manure, the most appropriate method for studying antibiotic residue effects on methane production may be using manure from animals that are given a particular antibiotic, rather than adding the antibiotic directly to the anaerobic digester.     

中国气候状况及应对气候变化方案和措施

由于受人类活动和自然因素的综合影响,自20世纪50年代以来,中国年平均气温已升高了0.68℃,其中黄河以北地区平均升高了0.8℃～1.2℃,黄河以南地区平均下降了0.2℃～0.8℃;而北方年降水量减少,南方却增加,南涝北旱加剧。经模拟预测后认为,中国从1987年开始的气候变暖将持续到2015年,将于2016年转入低温期,2039年又将转入高温期。到2020年全国年平均气温将比20世纪50年代升高1.68℃,西北地区平均升高2.22℃;南方年平均降水量增加28 mm,北方变化不大;2030年海平面将升高5.3 cm～14.2 cm,气候将向暖、干的趋势发展。因此中国发布《中国应对气候变化国家方案》及对此采取综合对策。     

Time series analysis of ambient air pollution effects on daily mortality

Although the growths of ambient pollutants have been attracting public concern, the characteristic of the associations between air pollutants and mortality remains elusive. Time series analysis with a generalized additive model was performed to estimate the associations between ambient air pollutants and mortality outcomes in Shenzhen City for the period of 2012–2014. The results showed that nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)-induced excess risks (ER) of total non-accidental mortality and cardiovascular mortality were significantly increased (6.05% (95% CI 3.38%, 8.78%); 6.88% (95% CI 2.98%, 10.93%), respectively) in interquartile range (IQR) increase analysis. Also, these associations were strengthened after adjusting for other pollutants. Moreover, similar associations were estimated for sulfur dioxide (SO₂), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 μm (PM₁₀), and total non-accidental mortality. There were significant higher ERs of associations between PM₁₀ and mortality for men than women; while there were significant higher ERs of associations between PM₁₀/NO₂ and mortality for elders (65 or elder) than youngers (64 or younger). Season analyses showed that associations between NO₂ and total non-accidental mortality were more pronounced in hot seasons than in warm seasons. Taken together, NO₂ was positively associated with total non-accidental mortality and cardiovascular mortality in Shenzhen even when the concentrations were below the ambient air quality standard. Policy measures should aim at reducing residents’ exposure to anthropogenic NO₂ emissions.     

某公司污水处理装置硫化氢突发泄漏事故应急检测

描述了应急检测的组织机构及基本作业流程,以某公司污水处理装置H2S突发泄漏事故为例,介绍了应急检测工作的实施过程。     

缺氧及两级好氧处理岳阳化工总厂部分废水的运行与分析

介绍了岳阳化工总厂部分废水的处理工艺和设计，针对原水水质COD高等特点，采用缺氧，两级好氧工艺，该厂进生化池：COD浓度1000－14000mg/L,BOD3:COD=0.5左右；出生化池：COD浓度＜120mg/L，低于GB8978－1996表4中石油化工工业规定的Ⅱ级排放标准，BOD3＜10mg/L^ ，低于GB8978－1996表4石油化工工业规定的1级排放标准。     

利用磷霉素生产盐渣合成阻垢剂

将磷霉素生产盐渣经水解得到右旋磷霉素二钠,再通过亲核取代反应得到可用作循环冷却水阻垢剂的氨基二乙基(1-甲基-2-羟基)膦酸四钠(ADMHP·Na4),并用FTIR表征了产物结构.实验结果表明:在取代反应温度为25℃、取代反应时间为2h、n(氨水)∶n(右旋磷霉素二钠)=8的条件下,由右旋磷霉素二钠制备ADMHP·Na4,收率可达83.87％.处理1t盐渣可创造利润3 080元.当ADMHP·Na4质量浓度为30 mg/L,水样温度为60℃时,ADMHP·Na4对CaCO3的阻垢效果较好,阻垢率可达91.47％.     

水环境质量区间隶属度评价法

通过对水环境质量综合评价中的灰色关联分析法进行分析,认为水环境质量评价标准是区间概念,将评价标准处理成点的传统灰色关联分析法存在一定的缺陷。为克服这种缺陷,提出一种水环境质量区间隶属度评价法,该方法借鉴了模糊综合评价法的距离计算原理,但比模糊综合评价法更为简单、直观,具有较强的适用性。     

地球政策研究所

地球政策研究所（Earth Policy Institute，EPI）是著名环境学者莱斯特布朗（Lester R Brown）先生与其他同仁于2001年5月创办的，并由他担任首任所长至今。     

包埋水华鱼腥藻和活性炭对污水中氮磷的净化

采用聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠（PVA—SA）凝胶包埋水华鱼腥藻与活性炭混合物,对比水华鱼腥藻在包埋、吸附以及悬浮状态下对高浓度模拟废水中氨氮的去除效果,实验结果表明,水华鱼腥藻在包埋状态下对氨氮有更好的去除效果。通过正交实验研究SA、粉末活性炭（PAC）、水华鱼腥藻之间不同质量比的包埋混合物对去除污水中NH4＋-N、TP以及处理后废水中微囊藻毒素（MC）残留量的影响,结果表明,当PVA量为8％时,SA、PAC和藻含量分别在0．5％、0．5％和0．2％为NH4＋-N、TP的最佳去除组合,同时处理后污水中MC的含量也低于联合国标准1Iμg／L,避免了二次污染的同时为产毒素藻类的利用创造了条件。