Noise pollution is a major factor of environmental complaints in many cities, which has significant impacts on human health. As a dominating source of environmental noise, the impact of road traffic noise is increasing. Residents living in high-rise buildings along the main road are severely affected by traffic noise. In order to assess the noise level of urban area along the main road in Guangzhou, three buildings were selected to conduct traffic noise measurements, and the questionnaire about traffic noise impact on human being was completed. Through the questionnaire, around 70% of participants consider the traffic noise has negative effect, and about 60% of participants consider the noise has moderate or much higher impact on physical comfort. Around 65% of participants consider the noise had moderately or much higher impact on their psychological comfort. By analyzing the measured data, all of the measured noise levels in three buildings exceed the recommended limit of 55 dB (A) in the daytime and 45 dB (A) in the night for residence, and the exceeded value can be up to 16 dB (A). By comparing the fitting curve of noise level transfer function on each floor relative to the reference floor, the quadratic polynomial was selected to plot the transfer function rather than cubic polynomial.
Great efforts have been devoted to assessing the effects of straw managements on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, global warming potential (GWP), and net economic budget in rice monoculture (RM). However, few studies have evaluated the effects of straw managements on GHG emissions and net ecosystem economic budget (NEEB) in integrated rice-crayfish farming (RC). Here, a randomized block field experiment was performed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of aquatic breeding practices (feeding or no feeding of forage) and straw managements (rice straw returning or removal) on soil NH4+–N and NO?3–N contents, redox potential (Eh), CH4 and N2O emissions, GWP, and NEEB of fluvo-aquic paddy soil in a rice-crayfish co-culture system in Jianghan Plain of China. We also compared the differences in CH4 and N2O emissions, GWP, and NEEB between RM and RC. Straw returning significantly increased CH4 and N2O emissions by 34.9–46.1% and 6.2–23.1% respectively compared with straw removal. Feeding of forage decreased CH4 emissions by 13.9–18.7% but enhanced N2O emissions by 24.4–33.2% relative to no feeding. Compared with RM treatment, RC treatment decreased CH4 emissions by 18.1–19.6% but increased N2O emissions by 16.8–21.0%. Moreover, RC treatment decreased GWP by 16.8–22.0% while increased NEEB by 26.9–75.6% relative to RM treatment, suggesting that the RC model may be a promising option for mitigating GWP and increasing economic benefits of paddy fields. However, the RC model resulted in a lower grain yield compared with the RM model, indicating that more efforts are needed to simultaneously increase grain yield and NEEB and decrease GWP under RC model.
Although the growths of ambient pollutants have been attracting public concern, the characteristic of the associations between air pollutants and mortality remains elusive. Time series analysis with a generalized additive model was performed to estimate the associations between ambient air pollutants and mortality outcomes in Shenzhen City for the period of 2012–2014. The results showed that nitrogen dioxide (NO2)-induced excess risks (ER) of total non-accidental mortality and cardiovascular mortality were significantly increased (6.05% (95% CI 3.38%, 8.78%); 6.88% (95% CI 2.98%, 10.93%), respectively) in interquartile range (IQR) increase analysis. Also, these associations were strengthened after adjusting for other pollutants. Moreover, similar associations were estimated for sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 μm (PM10), and total non-accidental mortality. There were significant higher ERs of associations between PM10 and mortality for men than women; while there were significant higher ERs of associations between PM10/NO2 and mortality for elders (65 or elder) than youngers (64 or younger). Season analyses showed that associations between NO2 and total non-accidental mortality were more pronounced in hot seasons than in warm seasons. Taken together, NO2 was positively associated with total non-accidental mortality and cardiovascular mortality in Shenzhen even when the concentrations were below the ambient air quality standard. Policy measures should aim at reducing residents’ exposure to anthropogenic NO2 emissions. 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Samples were collected from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, to study the concentrations, distributions, and compositions of... 相似文献
A synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) method was developed for determination of pyrene in the gills of exposed fish. The wavelength differences (Δλ) of 50 nm was maintained between excitation and emission wavelengths and it was found to be suitable for the effective determination of pyrene in fish gills; the peak were observed at λex 334.5 nm. Linear relationships between SFS intensity and the concentration of pyrene in n-hexane solution were established. It was demonstrated that the SFS method was effective, simple, and less expensive, providing an attractive alternative for the rapid analysis of pyrene in fish gills. 相似文献