垃圾填埋场空气中微量挥发性有机污染物的分析

使用充填有Ｔｅｎａｘ、碳分子筛和硅胶的多层热解吸金属管,以０．２０Ｌ／ｍ ｉｎ 的流速采集垃圾填埋场空气样品,以Ｔｅｋ－ｍ ａｒ３０００／６０３２ 和ＨＰ５８９０／５９７２ ＧＣ－ＭＳＤ 组合仪器进行分析,共检测出６３ 种挥发性有机污染物（ＶＯＣｓ）,其中有１６ 种为ＵＳＥＰＡ 优先控制污染物;通过对大多数化合物进行定量分析所得的结果表明,以苯及其衍生物含量最高,为７．９４～２０２．５５μｇ／ｍ³;其它氯代有机物含量虽然相对较低,但由于它们的毒性,因此其对环境的影响亦不容忽视．     

香港维多利亚港和珠江广州河段水体中抗生素的含量特征及其季节变化

采用固相萃取、液相色谱/串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)分析香港维多利亚港(维港)与珠江广州河段水体中9种典型抗生素药物含量.结果表明,在维港海水中,只检出较低含量的氟喹诺酮和大环内酯类抗生素;无论是在枯季(3月)还是洪季(6月),珠江广州河段河水中各种抗生素(阿莫西林除外)均可检出,而且含量较高(分别在70～489 ng·L^-1和13～69 ng·L^-1之间),其含量水平明显高于美、欧等国河流中相应污染物的含量,其中红霉素、磺胺嘧啶等与国外污水处理厂所检出的含量水平相当.数据也表明,河水中抗生素含量水平受季节和水量变化的影响很大,枯季河水中抗生素含量明显高于洪季.与枯季相比,洪季河水中药物含量具有明显的日变化.     

珠江三角洲流域土壤多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的分布及环境行为

用索式抽提、复合硅胶/氧化铝层析柱分离纯化、GC-MS分析方法分析了珠江三角洲流域土壤中10种多溴联苯醚(BDE-28、-47、-66、-99、-100、-153、-154、-138、-183、-209)在土壤中的质量分数和组成分布.∑9PBDEs(不包括BDE209)的质量分数从0.133 ng·g-1干物质量到3.81 ng·g-1干物质量,平均质量分数为1.02 ng·g-1干物质量,BDE-209的质量分数从2.38ng·g-1干物质量到66.6 ng·g-1干物质量,平均质量分数为13.8 ng·g-1干物质量,与欧洲背景土壤中PBDEs的质量分数水平相当.同系物的组成分布说明珠江三角洲土壤中多溴联苯醚的污染来源主要是五溴、八溴及十溴产品的使用.土壤中∑9PBDEs和各同系物的含量与土壤总有机碳(TOC)的含量呈现显著的正相关.有机碳均一化后BDEs单体含量的对数与其log Kow正相关(除-47,r2=0.89),表明土壤有机质的吸附决定着PBDEs在环境中的分布和迁移.     

内循环(IC)厌氧反应器处理糖蜜酒精废水的研究

糖蜜酒精废水由于含有高浓度的COD和硫酸盐,一般厌氧反应器无法有效处理.研究了IC反应器处理糖蜜酒精废水的效果.考察其COD及硫酸盐的去除率、沼气的产量和组分等.结果表明,反应器对于COD为5000～10 000 mg/L的中、高浓度废水去除效果良好,当COD在20 000～30 000 mg/L时,在适应了1～2个停留时间后,去除效果达到稳定,去除率在90%左右.实验中最高容积负荷提升至40 kg COD/m3·d左右.本研究中所用的糖蜜酒精废水的COD/SO24-的平均值为61.9,未对反应器的处理效果及产气量产生影响.     

Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds at a landfill site in Guangzhou,South China

Ambient air monitoring was conducted at Datianshan landfill, Guangzhou, South China in 1998 to investigate the seasonal and horizontal variations of trace volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Twelve sampling points over the Datianshan landfill were selected and samples were collected simultaneously using Carbontrap(TM) adsorption tubes. Thirty eight VOCs were detected in the winter, whereas 60 were detected in the summer. The VOC levels measured in summer were alkanes, 0.5-6.5 microg/m(3); aromatics, 2.3-1667 microg/m(3); chlorinated species, 0.2-31 microg/m(3); terpines, 0.1-34 microg/m(3); carbonyl species, 0.3-5.6 microg/m(3) and naphthalene and its derivatives, 0.4-27 microg/m(3). Compared to the summer samples the VOC levels in winter were much lower (mostly 1-2 orders of magnitude lower). The aromatics are dominant VOCs in landfill air both in winter and summer. High levels of alkylbenzene and terpines such as methyl-isopropylbenzene (max 1667 microg/m(3)) and limonene (max 162 microg/m(3)) cause undesirable odor. The similar correlation coefficients of BTEX in summer and winter suggest VOCs emissions were from landfill site sources. The variation of BTEX ratio at landfill site is different from that in the urban area of Guangzhou. It shows that the ambient VOCs at landfill site were different from the urban areas.     

一种去除赤潮生物更有效的粘土种类

本文研究了产自我国江苏吴县的高岭土对我国主要赤潮生物种的絮凝作用。首次发现该高岭土的絮凝作用远远大于蒙脱土,是一种去除赤潮生物更有效的粘土种类。实验和理论计算证明该高岭土的主要成份是埃洛石或变埃洛石,其对赤潮生物细胞的吸引作用大于蒙脱土,故具有较强的絮凝能力。本文还考察了溶液pH、高岭土酸改性等对絮凝作用的影响,并与蒙脱土体系相比较,从理论上做了分析和解释,为其实际应用奠定了基础。     

ASM No.2d模型模拟SBR工艺同步脱氮除磷效能

SBR工艺由于处理上的高效性和操作上的灵活性在世界范围的污水处理领域得到广泛应用.采用国际水质协会1999年提出的ASM No.2d模型,利用matlab作为程序开发工具编制计算模型,并利用该模型对一实验室规模SBR系统进行模拟.模拟过程中动力学和化学计量参数采用ASM No.2d给出的典型参数值,并结合实际SBR系统进行了修正.结果表明,该模型能够较好模拟SBR工艺同步脱氮除磷效能,说明应用ASM No.2d进行SBR系统的模拟能够对SBR系统的优化和控制起辅助作用.     

金鱼藻中抑藻化感物质的研究

通过静态模拟实验,比较了单独培养和共生培养下,不同初始藻密度时金鱼藻生物量和铜绿微囊藻密度的变化.采用固相萃取的方法对金鱼藻种植水中的化感物质进行富集,经甲醇洗脱、高效液相色谱分析,发现在铜绿微囊藻生长的胁迫下,金鱼藻释放的化学物质组成和含量发生变化,强极性物质含量下降,弱极性物质含量增加.二氯甲烷洗脱物经色谱质谱分析后,检测出15种不同于铜绿微囊藻释放的化合物,其中N-苯基-2-萘胺、脱氢枞酸甲酯和脱氢枞酸乙酯已有文献报道对藻类具有化感作用.     

中纤板废水处理工艺改造实例

针对某人造林制品有限公司中纤板废水处理工艺存在的问题,采用混凝工序代替气浮工序和厌氧折流板反应器代替水解酸化池对原处理工艺进行改进。实际运行情况表明,改进后的工艺运行稳定,排水各项指标均符合《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的一级标准。     

Combined ultrasound with Fenton treatment for the degradation of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in textile dying sludge

To develop an effective method to remove the toxic and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CPAHs) from textile dyeing sludge, five CPAHs were selected to investigate the degradation efficiencies using ultrasound combined with Fenton process (US/Fenton). The results showed that the synergistic effect of the US/Fenton process on the degradation of CPAHs in textile dyeing sludge was significant with the synergy degree of 30.4. During the US/Fenton process, low ultrasonic density showed significant advantage in degrading the CPAHs in textile dyeing sludge. Key reaction parameters on CPAHs degradation were optimized by the central composite design as followed: H₂O₂ concentration of 152 mmol/L, ultrasonic density of 408 W/L, pH value of 3.7, the molar ratio of H₂O₂ to Fe²⁺ of 1.3 and reaction time of 43 min. Under the optimal conditions of the US/Fenton process, the degradation efficiencies of five CPAHs were obtained as 81.23% (benzo[a]pyrene) to 84.98% (benz[a]anthracene), and the benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaP_eq) concentrations of five CPAHs declined by 81.22–85.19%, which indicated the high potency of US/Fenton process for removing toxic CPAHs from textile dyeing sludge.