桂林盘龙洞滴水的物理化学指标变化研究及其意义

影响洞穴次生化学沉积物-石笋的形成因素,包括降水、气温、水温和滴水的性质(如pH值、电导率、Ca2+、HCO3-浓度和滴率等)。通过对桂林盘龙洞8个滴水点的2个水文年的监测表明,洞穴滴水主要来源于大气降水(或土壤水),受控于水-土-岩的相互作用。洞穴滴水对大气降水的响应较快,具有季节性的变化特征。洞穴滴水的物理、化学特性受降水、洞顶基岩厚度及渗入水的滞留时间、滴率的快、慢的影响。洞穴滴水的温度变化不大,大约为19.4~21.2℃。年平均pH值为7.85。洞穴滴水的电导率、Ca2+、HCO3-浓度与气温、水温和滴水速率表现为正相关关系。在夏半年,大气降水量大,土壤湿度大,土壤中PCO2分压高,溶解的CaCO3多,表层带下渗岩溶水的岩溶作用强,滴水的电导率、Ca2+、HCO3-浓度增大,滴水中的碳酸盐沉积多;而在冬半年或冬季,其降水量小或少,滴水的电导率、Ca2+、HCO3-浓度降低,指示溶解的CaCO3少,表层带下渗岩溶水的岩溶作用弱,水中Ca2+离子含量低,滴水沉积物的沉积量或生长量减少。从大气降水到土壤水再到洞穴滴水这些过程可以看出,洞穴滴水形成的岩溶次生化学碳酸盐沉积物-石笋,可记录岩溶环境变化的信息,已成为研究岩溶地区过去环境变化记录的重要载体。     

区域景观结构的生态风险评价方法与案例研究

大尺度区域高强度开发改变原有区域的生态系统与景观结构,引发的区域生态风险是难以避免的。如何从宏观上评价区域生态风险,其评价方法在不断实践发展,这成为当前环评研究的热点之一。在海南某一开发区的区域环评实践时,根据区域的特征,划分区域景观类型,提出景观结构的评价指标,建立评价模型,运用基于区域景观结构的生态风险评价方法,对开发区的生态风险进行动态的时空化分析、预测与评价。案例研究旨于提升区域生态风险评价方法的运用水平,丰富评价方式,完善技术手段,为区域生态风险评价实践服务。     

Numerical simulation of a horizontal sedimentation tank considering sludge recirculation

Most research conducted on the concentration distribution of sediment in the sedimentation tank does not consider the role of the suction dredge. To analyze concentration distribution more accurately, a suspended sediment transportation model was constructed and the velocity field in the sedimentation tank was determined based on the influence of the suction dredge. An application model was then used to analyze the concentration distribution in the sedimentation tank when the suction dredge was fixed, with results showing that distribution was in accordance with theoretical analysis. The simulated value of the outlet concentration was similar to the experimental value, and the trends of the isoconcentration distribution curves, as well as the vertical distribution curves of the five monitoring sections acquired through simulations, were almost the same as curves acquired through experimentation. The di erences between the simulated values and the experimental values were significant.     

石化企业中密闭采样存在的问题与对策

对石化企业在密闭采样器应用过程中存在的标准滞后、规格不一、器具过重等问题进行了分析,并提出了解决问题的对策建议。     

Speciation characterization and coagulation of poly-silica-ferric-chloride: The role of hydrolyzed Fe(Ⅲ) and silica interaction

The highly efficient inorganic polymer flocculants (IPFs) of the ferric-silica system is a new and promising coagulant. Interactions between ferric species and silica play a large part in the coagulation of suspensions. These effects are quite distinct from those associated with polymeric or colloid silica. However, although these species are key to coagulation efficiency, they have not been comprehensively discussed. A new type of coagulant, poly-silica-ferric-chloride (PFSC), was synthesized by co-polymerization and characterized by time complexation spectroscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. Compared with traditional ferric salt, the results indicated that PFSC had a higher molecular weight, lesser positive charge, lower Feb and higher Fec. The higher the Si/Fe ratio, the higher the silica and lower the silicac found. The PFSC with appropriate polysilica acid not only obtained better coaguiation/fiocculation efficiency in turbidity removal, enhanced the flocculation index (FI) and provided less residual ferric, it also lowered water treatment costs compared to traditional ferric salt. Results showed that PFSC could remove colloid particles in water by charge neutralization and sweeping,adsorption bridging mechanism.     

石化装置苯泄漏检测及危害控制方法

石化装置苯泄漏的危害严重,已引起广泛关注。对石化装置苯泄漏的危害、苯泄漏的检测方法进行了评述,指出苯泄漏检测需要多种检测手段联合进行,同时应对泄漏危害加以控制。     

Restoration of taxonomic and functional genes after bioaugmentation of petroleum contaminated soil

Soil microbial ecosystems are responsive to environmental changes that underpin the biological functions of the soil. The present study was conducted to profile variations in the microbial ecological system of remediated soil (R) and petroleum contaminated soil (P) based on comparisons with soil that had not been contaminated (N), using a cloning library of taxonomic genes (16S rRNA gene for bacteria and 18S rRNA gene for eukaryotes) and functional genes (nifH, amoA and narG). The results showed that N and R had a similar distribution in both the taxonomic genes and functional genes for bacteria and eukaryotes, which were dominated by Proteobacteria and Arthropoda, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nifH gene showed that the sequences from the three soils were clustered into six taxonomic groups, Actinobacteridae, and Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma- and Delta-proteobacteria, as well as an unclassified group. Evaluation of the amoA gene revealed that all sequences derived from the three samples belonged to Betaproteobacteria. The R and N soil had similar Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') values, both of which were significantly higher than that of the P soil. The most abundant bacterial phylotype identified in the N and R soils were the same and were related to an uncultured bacterial clone (GAN-SB17, FN423475). None of the narG genes were found in the P soil. Similar results in terms of distribution, composition and the related index were obtained for nifH and amoA. These parameters may comprise a biological ecology index that may be applied to aid the design, implementation and evaluation of soil bioremediation.     

Application of aluminosilicate clay mineral-based composites in photocatalysis

Aluminosilicate clay mineral (ACM) is a kind of typical raw materials that used widely in manufacturing industry owing to the abundant reserve and low-cost exploring. In past two decades, in-depth understanding on unique layered structure and abundant surface properties endows ACM in the emerging research and application fields. In field of solar-chemical energy conversion, ACM has been widely used to support various semiconductor photocatalysts, forming the composites and achieving efficient conversion of reactants under sunlight irradiation. To date, classic ACM such as kaolinite and montmorillonite, loaded with semiconductor photocatalysts has been widely applied in photocatalysis. This review summaries the recent works on ACM-based composites in photocatalysis. Focusing on the properties of surface and layered structure, we elucidate the different features in the composition with various functional photocatalysts on two typical kinds of ACM, i.e., type 1:1 and type 2:1. Not only large surface area and active surface hydroxyl group assist the substrate adsorption, but also the layered structure provides more space to enlarge the application of ACM-based photocatalysts. Besides, we overview the modifications on ACM from both external surface and the inter-layer space that make the formation of composites more efficiently and boost the photo-chemical process. This review could inspire more upcoming design and synthesis for ACM-based photocatalysts, leading this kind of economic and eco-friendly materials for more practical application in the future.     

石化企业泄漏检测与维修技术研究现状及进展

介绍了石化企业泄漏检测与维修技术,并对国内外研究现状及进展情况进行综述,对相关法规标准和技术文件进行概述,同时介绍了LDAR技术在中国石化的应用情况,并提出下一步开展LDAR工作的建议     

中国石油污染源在线监测系统简介

文章阐述了中国石油污染源在线监测系统建设的必要性、建设原则及建设目标,分析了污染源在线监测系统的组成及系统功能等基本情况,提出持续系统建设、加强在线监测设备管理、加强系统运维管理、强化监督考核、促进系统应用等运行维护建议。