H_2O_2致大鼠RTE细胞系氧化应激作用及GSH保护作用的体外研究

许多具有氧化作用的空气污染物,均能使细胞产生氧化损伤,使胸腺基质淋巴生成素(thymic stromal lymphopoietin,TSLP)含量上升。而TSLP是一种启动过敏性炎症的重要因子,会导致哮喘等疾病发生率的上升。在本研究中用过氧化氢(H_2O_2)模拟具有氧化作用的空气污染物进行染毒,研究细胞氧化应激水平的变化,并讨论还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)对细胞受氧化损伤的保护作用。将大鼠支气管上皮细胞(RTE)分组培养,每组设置6个平行实验,分别用低、中、高剂量H_2O_2染毒3 h;高剂量设置1个重复,作为保护组,在染毒前用GSH保护2 h。结果显示,高剂量组H_2O_2(3.2 mmol·L~(~(-1)))染毒的细胞,其细胞活力下降(P0.01),丙二醛(MDA)水平上升(P0.01),TSLP水平上升(P0.05),与之相比,用GSH保护后的同剂量染毒组,上述指标得到全面缓解(P0.01)。这表明高浓度的H_2O_2会损伤细胞活力,并使MDA及TSLP水平上升,而GSH对TSLP及MDA的升高有极显著的抑制作用,即对细胞有一定的保护作用。     

浅谈特种设备检验机构的独立性公正性和公益服务性

本文针对特种设备检验的社会化问题进行了探讨,着重对社会检验机构的独立性、公正性和公益服务性问题进行了分析。就如何更好的保证特种设备安全的情况下引进民间资本参与检验以及如何确保检验机构的公正性和公益服务性提出了自己的见解。     

催化裂化装置硫化氢腐蚀问题及防治对策

阐述了H2S对设备的腐蚀机理,具体分析了催化裂化装置MIP-CGP技术改造后硫分布的新情况,从选材、工艺防腐、表面防腐、焊接质量控制和检测技术等方面提出了防硫化氢腐蚀的对策措施.     

The estimation of bioconcentration factors of aromatic hydrocarbons by high‐performance liquid chromatography

The determination of Bioconcentration Factors (BCF) via HPLC capacity factors (k') has been studied, including the effect of column type and mobile phase composition on the correlation between log BCF and log k’. Values of BCF correlate well with the phenylsilica column capacity factors. The phenylsilica column followed by C18 column give better correlations than either C8 or C2 column. The use of HPLC with phenylsilica as stationary phase and methanol‐water as mobile phase in the prediction of BCF can be at least as good or better than the use of n‐octanol/water partitioning system. There are no significant differences in the correlations between log k’ and log BCF with the changes of methanol concentration in the mobile phase, and it seems that a high proportion of methanol in the eluent is required to obtain good results.     

应用鱼类生物完整性指数评价荔浦河河流健康

生物完整性指数是河流生态系统健康评价主要方法之一。为评价荔浦河河流健康状况,选择鱼类作为指示生物,构建了基于鱼类生物完整性指标体系。2017年1月、4月、7月和10月对荔浦河4次采样共采集到鱼类21 192尾,经鉴定共计94种,隶属于6目17科62属。以S1(修仁镇)、S10(马岭镇)、S11(双江镇)作为参考点,经过分布范围分析、箱体图判别能力分析及相关性分析等指标筛选过程从25个候选指标筛选出5个指标,即鱼类总物种数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、肉食性鱼类数量百分比、敏感性鱼类数量百分比、产漂浮型卵鱼类数量百分比。将荔浦河河流健康等级分为"健康"、"一般"、"较差"、"极差"和"无鱼"5个等级。结果表明,荔浦河青山镇、荔浦县及蒲芦乡河段健康状态为"一般"水平,东昌镇、龙怀乡、杜莫镇及新坪镇河段健康状态为"较差"水平,茶城乡河段健康状态为"极差"水平。筑坝工程、架桥工程和修路工程等人类活动导致荔浦河支流上的健康状况比干流更差。上述研究结果可为荔浦河的河流管理和保护提供理论依据和技术支持。     

微塑料与有机污染物的相互作用研究进展

微塑料(粒径小于5 mm的塑料)作为海洋中一种新型的污染物正受到越来越多的关注。微塑料在全球多个海域均有检出,根据其来源分为原生微塑料和次生微塑料。原生微塑料由人工直接制造所得,常见于日常生活用品中;次生微塑料由大块塑料制品长期风化、磨损和光解形成。塑料自身含有多种有机添加剂,不断向环境中释放,污染海洋环境;微塑料表面还可吸附有机污染物,此吸附作用受两者的物理化学性质和环境条件影响,吸附污染物后的微塑料生物毒性增强。另外,聚合物复合光催化材料可加快有机污染物如染料的光降解反应速率,因而微塑料可能会促进有机污染物的光解。针对目前微塑料对有机物光降解的贡献、机理鲜见研究的问题,未来应加强以下3方面的研究:(1)微塑料对不同有机污染物光降解是否存在影响?(2)微塑料类型、尺寸以及反应条件对有机污染物光降解如何影响?(3)微塑料对有机污染物光降解影响的内在机制是什么?     

电化学氧化杀灭水库原水中藻类的研究

由Ti/RuO2棒为阳极、不锈钢管为阴极组成电氧化管式反应装置,对电氧化杀灭水库含藻原水中的藻类进行了研究。结果显示:处理累积停留时间20 min后,叶绿素a去除率达100%,对浓缩10倍水样,藻毒素MCLR的去除率达98%以上。细胞的死亡及胞内物质的损失,导致溶液DOC值从32 mg/L上升至50 mg/L,但在电氧化作用下,可下降至12 mg/L。氧化降解产物使溶液UV254值上升,从0.09 cm-1上升至0.14 cm-1,溶液UV410值没有太大变化。处理过程中pH值从8.4迅速下降至7.4后,基本维持稳定,电导率以21μS/(cm.min)速率呈线性下降趋势,溶液离子浓度改变较大。     

论企业环境责任的承担

经济的发展伴随着严重的环境问题,企业与环境的关系、企业自身的发展、国家的法律法规等诸多方面决定了企业在谋求自身利益的同时,应当积极履行环境责任。通过借鉴国外成功经验,可使我国企业承担环境责任的过程少走弯路。针对我国现状,从绿色采购、绿色生产、绿色回收几方面提出了我国企业承担环境责任的具体措施。     

T-2毒素的毒性效应及致毒机制研究进展

T-2毒素是由多种镰刀菌产生的单端孢霉烯族化合物中毒性较强的一种毒素,广泛存在于谷物和谷类食品中.经食物连续摄入T-2毒素会对人类和动物的健康造成潜在危害.目前,T-2毒素对人和动物健康的影响受到了社会的广泛关注,已成为毒理学领域研究的热点课题之一.在综述了T-2毒素的生物转化、代谢途径及其毒理学效应与机制基础上,对现...     

Comprehensive and high-resolution emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants for the northernmost cities agglomeration of Harbin-Changchun, China: Implications for local atmospheric environment management

Using a bottom-up estimation method, a comprehensive, high-resolution emission inventory of gaseous and particulate atmospheric pollutants for multiple anthropogenic sectors with typical local sources has been developed for the Harbin-Changchun city agglomeration (HCA). The annual emissions for CO, NOx, SO₂, NH₃, VOC_S, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, BC and OC during 2017 in the HCA were estimated to be 5.82 Tg, 0.70 Tg, 0.34 Tg, 0.75 Tg, 0.81Tg, 0.67 Tg, 1.59 Tg, 0.12 Tg and 0.26 Tg, respectively. For PM₁₀ and SO₂, the emissions from industry processes were the dominant contributors representing 54.7% and 49.5%, respectively, of the total emissions, while 95.3% and 44.5% of the total NH₃ and NOx emissions, respectively, were from or associated with agricultural activities and transportation. Spatiotemporal distributions showed that most emissions (except NH₃) occurred in November to March and were concentrated in the central cities of Changchun and Harbin and the surrounding cities. Open burning of straw made an important contribution to PM_2.5 in the central regions of the northeastern plain during autumn and spring, while domestic coal combustion for heating purposes was significant with respect to SO₂ and PM_2.5 emissions during autumn and winter. Furthermore, based on Principal Component Analysis and Multivariable Linear Regression model, air temperature, relative humidity, electricity and energy consumption, and the urban and rural population were optimized to be representative indicators for rapidly assessing the magnitude of regional atmospheric pollutants in the HCA. Such indicators and equations were demonstrated to be useful for local atmospheric environment management.