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71.
Marco Antonio DS Guidugli-Lazzarini KR do Nascimento AM Simões ZL Hartfelder K 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2008,95(10):953-961
The switch from within-hive activities to foraging behavior is a major transition in the life cycle of a honeybee (Apis mellifera) worker. A prominent regulatory role in this switch has long been attributed to juvenile hormone (JH), but recent evidence
also points to the yolk precursor protein vitellogenin as a major player in behavioral development. In the present study,
we injected vitellogenin double-stranded RNA (dsVg) into newly emerged worker bees of Africanized genetic origin and introduced them together with
controls into observation hives to record flight behavior. RNA interference-mediated silencing of vitellogenin gene function shifted the onset of long-duration flights (>10 min) to earlier in life (by 3–4 days) when compared with sham
and untreated control bees. In fact, dsVg bees were observed conducting such flights extremely precociously, when only 3 days
old. Short-duration flights (<10 min), which bees usually perform for orientation and cleaning, were not affected. Additionally,
we found that the JH titer in dsVg bees collected after 7 days was not significantly different from the controls. The finding
that depletion of the vitellogenin titer can drive young bees to become extremely precocious foragers could imply that vitellogenin
is the primary switch signal. At this young age, downregulation of vitellogenin gene activity apparently had little effect on the JH titer. As this unexpected finding stands in contrast with previous results
on the vitellogenin/JH interaction at a later age, when bees normally become foragers, we propose a three-step sequence in
the constellation of physiological parameters underlying behavioral development.
David Santos Marco Antonio and Karina Rosa Guidugli-Lazzarini contributed equally to the present study. 相似文献
72.
73.
Paulo Rogério Miranda Correia Bruno Xavier do Valle Melissa Dazzani Maria Elena Infante-Malachias 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(7):678-685
Scientific literacy can be considered as a new demand of post-industrial society. It seems necessary in order to foster education for sustainability throughout students' academic careers. Universities striving to teach sustainability are being challenged to integrate a holistic perspective into a traditional undergraduate curriculum, which aims at specialization. This new integrative, inter- and transdisciplinary epistemological approach is necessary to cultivate autonomous citizenship, i.e., that each citizen be prepared to understand and participate in discussions about the complex contemporary issues posed by post-industrial society. This paper presents an epistemological framework to show the role of scientific literacy in fostering education for sustainability. We present a set of 26 collaborative concept maps (CCmaps) in order to illustrate an instance of theory becoming practice. During a required course for first-year undergraduate students (ACH 0011, Natural Sciences), climate change was presented and discussed in broad perspective by using CCmaps. We present students' CCmaps to show how they use concepts from quantitative and literacy disciplines to deal with the challenges posed by the need of achieving a sustainable development. 相似文献
74.
Maria Cléa Brito de Figueirêdo Geraldo Stachetti Rodrigues Armando Caldeira-Pires Morsyleide de Freitas Rosa Fernando Antônio Sousa de Aragão Vicente de Paulo Pereira Barbosa Vieira Francisco Suetônio Bastos Mota 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(14):1366-1375
As sustainability considerations increasingly dominate the technology development debate worldwide, practical approaches to assess environmental performance of innovations have been warranted. The present study (Part 1) introduces Ambitec-Life Cycle, a method derived from Ambitec-Agro for considering life cycle thinking in the environmental performance evaluation (EPE) of agro-industrial innovations. An agro-industrial innovation case study related to residue recycling is presented, revealing steps in the product life cycle where opportunities are best for technological improvements. In Part 2 (this issue) of this study, a methodological approach for considering the environmental vulnerability of watersheds and to integrate this analysis in EPE methods is presented. This approach is applied to Ambitec-Life Cycle and to the same residue case study, allowing the identification of performance indicators with greater potential to cause impacts at the studied watersheds. 相似文献
75.
de Castro Medeiros Luciana de Alencar Feliphe Lacerda Souza Navoni Julio Alejandro de Araujo André Luis Calado do Amaral Viviane Souza 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(6):5316-5332
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Chlorine is considered the most used chemical agent for water disinfection worldwide. However, water chlorination can lead to by-product generation... 相似文献
76.
José S. Antunes do Carmo Maria G. Neves Mechteld ten Voorde 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2011,15(1):99-112
Multifunctional artificial reefs are submerged breakwaters that serve several purposes. As well as protecting the local coastline,
they enhance surfing possibilities and/or increase the environmental value of the area where they are situated. Multifunctional
artificial reefs (MFARs) have some promising new aspects, too: first, they provide an unimpaired visual amenity, and second,
they can offer tourist and economic benefits by improving the surfing conditions. Regarding the functionality of an MFAR,
much research has been carried out on surfability, i.e. whether a wave is good for surfers. However, no research has yet been
done on the influence of the submergence and the length of the reef slope on the breaker type, even though this is important
for the design of the reef in terms of surfability. A preliminary design was achieved step by step, making use of the theory
and state of the art of multifunctional artificial reefs (Voorde et al. 2009a, 2009b). This reef geometry was then used as an initial design in physical and numerical tests. These were performed to ascertain
the capacity of a multifunctional reef to serve as a submerged breakwater and so protect the local coastline of Leirosa, Portugal,
and improve the local surfing possibilities. This paper describes the numerical study conducted to analyze the influences
of the main relevant parameters in the vertical plane, namely: the height, the submergence, and the length and slope of the
reef. The investigation was conducted using the COBRAS-UC numerical model in the vertical plane and the main results and conclusions
are described and presented; a brief discussion and some recommendations for future work are also included. 相似文献
77.
Renata de Lima Anderson do Espirito Santo Pereira Raquel Martins Porto Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(1):196-202
This work reports on an analysis of the cyto- and genotoxicity of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) polymer nanoparticles, in an
attempt to evaluate their mutagenic effects. Fibroblast (3T3) and human lymphocyte cell cultures were exposed to solutions
containing three different concentrations of nanoparticles (5.4, 54 and 540 μg/mL, polymer mass/volume of solution). The nanoparticles
were characterized in terms of their hydrodynamic diameters, zeta potentials and polydispersity indices. The morphology of
the particles was determined by atomic force microscopy. The PLGA nanospheres presented a size of 95 nm, a zeta potential
of −20 mV and a spherical morphology. Cellular viability assays using fibroblast cells showed no significant alterations compared
with the negative control. A cytogenetic analysis of human lymphocyte cells showed no significant changes in the mitotic index
in relation to the control, indicating that in the concentration range tested, the particles used in the experimental models
did not present cyto- or genotoxicity. For the tests conducted in this work we can conclude that biodegradable and biocompatible
PLGA nanospheres are not toxic in the cell cultures tested (fibroblast and lymphocyte cells) and in the range of concentrations
employed. The results provide new information concerning the toxic effects of particles produced using PLGA. 相似文献
78.
Tropical forest countries are struggling with the partially conflicting policy objectives of socioeconomic development, forest conservation, and safeguarding the livelihoods of local forest-dependent people. We worked with communities in the lower Tapajós region of the central Brazilian Amazon for over 10 years to understand their traditional and present land use practices, the constraints, and decision making processes imposed by their biophysical, socioeconomic, and political environment, and to facilitate development trajectories to improve the livelihoods of forest communities while conserving the forest on the farms and in the larger landscape. The work focused on riverine communities initially in the Tapajós National Forest and then in the Tapajós–Arapiuns Extractive Reserve. These communities have a century-old tradition of planting rubber agroforests which despite their abandonment during the 1990s still widely characterize the vegetation of the river banks, especially in the two protected areas where they are safe from the recent expansion of mechanized rice and soybean agriculture. The project evolved from the capacity-building of communities in techniques to increase the productivity of the rubber agroforests without breaking their low-input and low-risk logic, to the establishment of a community enterprise that allowed reserve inhabitants to reforest their own land with tree species of their choice and sell reforestation (not carbon) credits to local timber companies while retaining the ownership of the trees. By making land use practices economically more viable and ecologically more appropriate for protected areas, the project shows ways to strengthen the system of extractive and sustainable development reserves that protects millions of hectares of Amazon forest with the consent of the communities that inhabit them. 相似文献
79.
Lastre-Acosta Arlen Mabel Rocha Carolina Mendes Mendes Maria Anita Teixeira Antonio Carlos Silva Costa do Nascimento Claudio Augusto Oller 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(28):42231-42241
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a family of highly toxic, resistant, and persistent organic pollutants, among which 2-chlorobiphenyl (PCB-1) is... 相似文献
80.