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为了给超临界水氧化设备工业化应用提供指导思路,本文设计制作了一套连续化的超临界水氧化仿工业化装置(压力为24MPa,H2O2过氧量倍数为3倍),选取甲基红、靛红、苯磺酸、对氨基苯磺酸、对二甲氨基苯甲醛、2,4-二硝基苯肼6种芳香烃化合物进行了从亚临界过渡到超临界状态下的水氧化试验,并以总有机碳(TOC)为表征研究了6种化合物的去除效果,以幂指数方程描述了6种化合物从亚临界到超临界的反应动力学参数。结果表明:6种有机物在亚临界至超临界点时间段内,反应物TOC的浓度随时间的变化呈现良好的线性下降趋势,且在亚临界状态下,足够的反应停留时间就能取得较好的TOC去除效果,而在超临界状态下,反应过程十分迅速,在较短的反应时间内也会取得较好的TOC去除效果,但随着反应时间的增加,在几分钟之内,TOC的去除率随时间的变化还是较为明显;6种有机物的反应活化能介于26.2~54.341kJ/mol之间,表明不同结构化合物SCWO反应的温度升高效应不同。 相似文献
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为了预测新生或缺乏试验数据的含有机污染物废水的治理效果,本文通过试验对Fenton氧化法降解芳烃类、卤代物、杂环类等28种有机污染物的规律进行了研究。结果表明:在Fenton反应初始阶段,氧化反应剧烈,反应过程基本符合一级动力学方程,但随着时间的延长,反应趋于平缓;28种有机污染物色度平均去除率(Rcolor)为80.8±30.3%,TOC平均去除率(RTOC)为39.8±30.3%,约为色度平均去除率的0.44倍;以色度为表征的一级反应动力学常数(Kcolor)均大于对应的以TOC为表征的一级反应动力学常数(KTOC),且色度去除效率更高;Fenton氧化法对不同有机污染物的去除效果有显著差异,分子结构对称性强、水溶性较差的有机污染物如偶氮苯、蒽醌等的降解效果相对较差,而苯酚、苯胺等水溶性较好的有机污染物的降解效果相对较好,表明水溶性是影响有机污染物降解效果的重要因素。 相似文献
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太湖湖滨带春季悬浮物沉降特征与水体营养盐响应 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
为研究湖滨带悬浮物沉降过程中水体营养盐时空分布状况,在太湖西岸湖滨带典型区域进行原位沉降实验,计算了沉降量和沉降通量,并对沉降过程中TP、TN、NH+4-N、NO-3-N测定分析.结果表明,太湖西岸湖滨带沉降通量表现为人工芦苇区近岸无植被区自然芦苇区远岸无植被区,平均沉降通量分别为(1 383.40±925.60)、(1 208.67±743.50)、(278.72±142.53)、(245.58±154.25)g·(m2·d)-1,沉降第6 d以后沉降量稳定上升,沉降速率大于分解速率;经过持续15 d野外沉降实验观测,沉降过程中近岸带的TP含量是远岸带的2~3倍,且沉积物捕获器内NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量出现显著的差异(P0.01);沉降量与水体TN和NH+4-N含量呈显著相关(P0.01,n=42),表明沉降量的增加会导致上覆水体TN与NH+4-N含量增加;TN与NH+4-N相关系数为0.84,显示沉降量的增加可能加速氮素不同形态间相互转化,这一现象在当前太湖湖泛治理中应当予以重视. 相似文献
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Increased risk of preterm delivery among people living near the three oil refineries in Taiwan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The petrochemical and petroleum industries are two of the main sources of industrial air pollution in Taiwan. Data used in this study concern outdoor air pollution and the health of individuals living in communities in close proximity to oil refinery plants. The prevalence of delivery of preterm birth infants was significantly higher in mothers living near the oil refinery plants than in control mothers in Taiwan. After controlling for several possible confounders (including maternal age, season, marital status, maternal education, and infant sex), the adjusted odds ratio was 1.14 (95% CI=1.01-1.28) for delivery of preterm infants for mothers living near oil refinery plants. These data provide further support for the hypothesis that air pollution can affect the outcome of pregnancies. 相似文献
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浅析思想政治教育的生态价值 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
李闯 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2009,19(1):12-15
胡锦涛总书记在十七大报告中指出,“建设生态文明,基本形成节约能源资源和保护生态环境的产业结构、增长方式、消费模式”。这一战略思想对中国的发展具有非常重要的意义。没有生态文明,一切文明就没有了享受的前提。思想政治教育不仅对经济政治文化建设有着重要的作用,而且在生态文明的建设过程中依然有重要的作用。加强思想政治教育生态价值的研究,对于缓解我国人口、环境、资源和能源等方面的压力以及我国生态文明建设,落实科学发展观有十分重大的意义。 相似文献
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Webber Wei-Po Lai Ying-Chih Chuang Angela Yu-Chen Lin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(17):14595-14604
The influences of HCO3 ?, Cl?, and other components on the UV/TiO2 degradation of the antineoplastic agents ifosfamide (IFO) and cyclophosphamide (CP) were studied in this work. The results indicated that the presence of HCO3 ?, Cl?, NO3 ?, and SO4 2? in water bodies resulted in lower degradation efficiencies. The half-lives of IFO and CP were 1.2 and 1.1 min and increased 2.3–7.3 and 3.2–6.3 times, respectively, in the presence of the four anions (initial compound concentration = 100 μg/L, TiO2 loading =100 mg/L, anion concentration = 1000 mg/L, and pH = 8). Although the presence of HCO3 ? in the UV/TiO2/HCO3 ? system resulted in a lower degradation rate and less byproduct formation for IFO and CP, two newly identified byproducts, P11 (M.W. = 197) and P12 (M.W. = 101), were formed and detected, suggesting that additional pathways occurred during the reaction of ?CO3 ? in the system. The results also showed that ?CO3 ? likely induces a preferred ketonization pathway. Besides the inorganic anions HCO3 ?, Cl?, NO3 ?, and SO4 2?, the existence of dissolved organic matter in the water has a significant effect and inhibits CP degradation. Toxicity tests showed that higher toxicity occurred in the presence of HCO3 ? or Cl? during UV/TiO2 treatment and within 6 h of reaction time, implying that the effects of these two anions should not be ignored when photocatalytic treatment is applied to treat real wastewater. 相似文献
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Jane C. Chuang Jeanette M. Van Emon Margaret E. Tefft Nancy K. Wilson 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):516-523
A low-cost, high throughput bioanalytical screening method was developed for monitoring cis/trans-permethrin in dust and soil samples. The method consisted of a simple sample preparation procedure [sonication with dichloromethane followed by a solvent exchange into methanol:water (1:1)] with bioanalytical detection using a magnetic particle enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative recoveries (83–126 %) of cis/trans-permethrin were obtained for spiked soil and dust samples. The percent difference of duplicate ELISA analyses was within ± 20 % for standards and ± 35 % for samples. Similar sample preparation procedures were used for the conventional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis except that additional cleanup steps were required. Recoveries of cis/trans-permethrin ranged from 81 to 108 % for spiked soil and dust samples by GC/MS. The ELISA-derived permethrin concentrations were highly correlated with the GC/MS-derived sum of cis/trans-permethrin concentrations with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.986. The ELISA method provided a rapid qualitative screen for cis/trans-permethrin in soil and dust while providing a higher sample throughput with a lower cost as compared to the GC/MS method. The ELISA can be applied as a complementary, low-cost screening tool to prioritize and rank samples prior to instrumental analysis for exposure studies. 相似文献
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