Emergent publics and affects in environmental governance

Drawing on the wide social scientific literature on emotions and affects, we highlight the value and potential contribution of the affect theory for understanding public engagement in environmental policy and planning. We suggest that such theorization complements political ontologies that envision concerned publics to arise as citizens are attached to objects and other beings in their everyday life. Focus on emotions and affects enables in-depth exploration of the corporeality of these attachments, increasing understanding about how affected publics get driven for action and how new sensibilities and horizons for action are created. Based on the discussion of affect theory and case examples, we argue that emotions and affects should be treated as crucial carriers of knowledge about transformation of political subjects and their concerns. They also direct analytic gaze beyond public participation procedures and encourage the development of novel, more inclusive settings for public engagement.     

Estimation of riverine loads of nitrogen and phosphorus to the Baltic Sea, 1970–1993

This article presents the results of the first critical examination of time series of riverine nutrient-load data for the entire Baltic Sea drainage area. Water quality data collected by or for the different national environmental agencies were compiled and analysed statistically to identify and remove inconsistent or obviously incorrect observations. Moreover, sampling tours were undertaken to acquire additional information about the present nutrient concentrations in the largest rivers in the study area. Gaps in the time series of approved data were then filled in by employing statistical interpolation and extrapolation methods. Thereafter, the concentration and runoff data were combined to obtain estimates of monthly nutrient loads for the time period 1970–93. The results of the calculations showed that although there had been substantial changes in land use, atmospheric deposition and wastewater treatment in many parts of the study area, the total riverine loads of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to the Baltic Sea have been fairly constant since 1980, and most likely also since 1970. Moreover, the interannual variation was clearly correlated to the runoff. The mean annual loads for the time period 1980–93 were found to be about 825 000 tonnes N and 41 000 tonnes P, respectively. This implies that (i) several other investigators have strongly underestimated the riverine loads of nutrients, especially the nitrogen, and that (ii) the riverine loads by far exceed the input to the Baltic Sea from other sources, {i.e.} atmospheric deposition, direct emissions from cities and industries along the Baltic Sea coast and nitrogen fixation by marine algae.     

Brominated phenols,anisoles, and dioxins present in blue mussels from the Swedish coastline

Introduction  

Naturally occurring hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs), their methoxylated counterparts (MeO-PBDEs), and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs), together with their potential precursors polybrominated phenols (PBPs) and polybrominated anisoles (PBAs), were analyzed in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) gathered along the east coast (bordering the Baltic Sea) and west coast of Sweden (bordering the North Sea). Brown algae (Dictyosiphon foenicolaceus) and cyanobacteria (Nodularia spumigena) from the Baltic Sea, considered to be among the primary producers of these compounds, were also analyzed for comparison.     

聊古─1井水氡模糊分维值的变化与地震的关系

利用模糊集理论与分形理论相结合的模糊分维方法 ,处理了山东聊古 1井水氡 1 0多年来的观测资料 ,找出了水氡模糊分维值的 3次较大变化与相应 3次地震的关系。在这 3次地震前水氡模糊分维值都出现明显地小于 0 5 7的低值异常变化。这可能反映了系统在较大地震前的明显降维特征     

球形红杆菌废水除磷作用的研究

文章考察了磷源、碳源、硫源对废水生物除磷优势菌球形红杆菌磷代谢的影响,结果表明：在微好氧条件下,缺磷环境会使球形红杆菌产生过量摄磷现象;经无碳和无硫培养后,转移到富磷培养基内,也会产生过量摄磷现象,但随着培养时间的延长,菌体摄磷量下降;该菌体经预培养转入富磷培养基后,碳源不同其摄磷能力有所差异;以苹果酸为碳源时的摄磷量略大于以乙酸源时的摄磷量。     

Short-Run Allocation of Emissions Allowances and Long-Term Goals for Climate Policy

We summarize the latest results on the rapid changes that are occurring to Arctic sea ice thickness and extent, the reasons for them, and the methods being used to monitor the changing ice thickness. Arctic sea ice extent had been shrinking at a relatively modest rate of 3–4% per decade (annually averaged) but after 1996 this speeded up to 10% per decade and in summer 2007 there was a massive collapse of ice extent to a new record minimum of only 4.1 million km². Thickness has been falling at a more rapid rate (43% in the 25 years from the early 1970s to late 1990s) with a specially rapid loss of mass from pressure ridges. The summer 2007 event may have arisen from an interaction between the long-term retreat and more rapid thinning rates. We review thickness monitoring techniques that show the greatest promise on different spatial and temporal scales, and for different purposes. We show results from some recent work from submarines, and speculate that the trends towards retreat and thinning will inevitably lead to an eventual loss of all ice in summer, which can be described as a ‘tipping point’ in that the former situation, of an Arctic covered with mainly multi-year ice, cannot be retrieved.     

An Experiment with Forced Oxygenation of the Deepwater of the Anoxic By Fjord,Western Sweden

In a 2.5-year-long environmental engineering experiment in the By Fjord, surface water was pumped into the deepwater where the frequency of deepwater renewals increased by a factor of 10. During the experiment, the deepwater became long-term oxic, and nitrate became the dominating dissolved inorganic nitrogen component. The amount of phosphate in the water column decreased by a factor of 5 due to the increase in flushing and reduction in the leakage of phosphate from the sediments when the sediment surface became oxidized. Oxygenation of the sediments did not increase the leakage of toxic metals and organic pollutants. The bacterial community was the first to show changes after the oxygenation, with aerobic bacteria also thriving in the deepwater. The earlier azoic deepwater bottom sediments were colonized by animals. No structural difference between the phytoplankton communities in the By Fjord and the adjacent Havsten Fjord, with oxygenated deepwater, could be detected during the experiment.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0524-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

中国高新技术产业发展水平格局演变及影响因素分析

运用AHP 熵权法、马尔科夫链和ESDA方法,在GIS技术支持下,基于中国高新技术产业31个空间单元2000、2005和2010年3个时间断面的数据,分析了高新技术产业发展水平的时空格局演变及其影响因素。研究结果表明：(1)高新技术产业发展水平的时序演变中各省区高新技术产业的发展差距在2000~2005与2005~2010年两时期中均不断扩大,尤以前一时期更甚,数据说明高水平的省份发展速度快于低水平省份,高水平省份才是我国高技术产业发展的主动力。省区间高新技术产业发展水平虽然整体上均在不断发展,但是区域间的差异不断扩大,出现强者愈强,弱者恒弱的“马太效应”;(2)发展水平指数处于高水平、较高水平省区集中在东部沿海地区,低水平省区向中西部除陕西以外的省区集聚的趋势增强,地域范围不断扩大,空间相关性较强,存在“俱乐部趋同”现象;(3)基础、经济、政策等传统因子在初期对高新技术产业发展的促进作用明显,随着产业逐步向更高层次发展,及政策环境的完善,传统因素的影响逐渐扁平化,而集聚、人力资本等新兴因素对高新技术产业的影响不断加强,区位因素的作用一直很明显,与高新技术产业的发展特征相吻合     

九龙江流域河水溶解态碳的时空变化

为了研究九龙江流域河流中溶解碳变化规律,分别于2017年7月与2018年1月对九龙江河水溶解无机碳（DIC）与溶解有机碳（DOC）进行了分析。丰水季河水DIC浓度为7.50~49.04 mg/L,平均值为22.12 mg/L,枯水季DIC浓度为8.84~84.91 mg/L,平均浓度41.17 mg/L,丰水季河水中的DOC浓度为0.54~2.89 mg/L,平均值为1.04 mg/L,枯水季河水中DOC浓度变化在1.34~3.56 mg/L之间,平均值为2.34 mg/L,据此计算了九龙江河水DOC、DIC的入海通量。研究结果表明九龙江河水中溶解碳具有显著的时空变化特征,通过与中国其他河流溶解碳数据对比,解释了碳酸盐岩的风化、气候变化、河流中浮游植物以及人类活动对九龙江河流溶解碳浓度的影响。