关于高校环境类专业本科教学的思考

论述了从培养目标、课程设置、教学方法与实践等方面培养高素质复合型的环境类专业的本科生，以满足社会需求，并为环境类专业本科教学改革提供参考。     

A study on Se application for improving the soil in the environment at lower Se level

A result that application of sodium selenite or fly ash to some of soilin loess plateau can increase Se content in wheat grain has been demonstrated by the pot and field experiments, and added Se in soil can last its availability for 3 years. So this is a good measure for improving the low Se soils and preventing the Kaschin-Beck disease.     

事故树定量分析与安全指标的数学模型的建立

阐述了在该课题研究过程中，提出的一些新概念、新定义和新方法     

我国全氟辛烷磺酸盐分子毒理学研究进展：纪念金一和教授

全氟化合物(PFCs)在工业和生活中应用广泛,但是PFCs对生物体存在潜在的毒性,其中以8碳链的PFCs,如全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和全氟辛烷羧酸(PFOA)应用最多。这类化合物在环境中很难降解,并能在生物体内富集^[1-6]。2009年PFOS被列入新增POPs名单,PFOS的毒性毒理研究随即成为研究热点。目前,国内研究者已陆续展开
PFOS对各种动物^[7-17],如昆虫、鸟类、鱼类、贝类、两栖类、哺乳类和人体细胞的急慢性毒性。但是这些关于PFOS毒性的研究所用剂量较高,远离了环境浓度范围,而高剂量的毒性效应与低剂量的毒性效应存在很大差异,尤其体现在不同剂量下作用的靶器官和信号通路的生物分子学响应会有很大差异。PFCs除了对肝脏造成慢性损伤、对免疫系统和生殖内分泌系统有明显影响外,还具有神经毒性。
已有的研究结果表明PFCs神经毒性潜在的机制主要有：影响神经元的生长分化、突触发生和脑发育;影响神经递质如多巴胺、谷氨酸和乙酰胆碱的水平;通过ROS诱导神经细胞凋亡;影响信号转导途径;影响甲状腺系统。在PFOS对神经系统毒性毒理方面,金一和教授课题组的研究工作十分系统。
金一和教授课题组针对PFOS对神经系统的影响,由浅入深地展开系列研究,提出了神经系统可能是PFOS的靶系统之一^[18-23]。针对外源性化合物易于蓄积和产生毒害的靶器官——海马结构,他们通过中枢神经系统兴奋性氨基酸和谷氨酰胺合成酶的剂量相应关系分析,提出了氨基酸类神经递质含量的改变是PFOS神经毒性的效应标记之一^[18-20]。这些研究在PFOS是如何干扰氨基酸类神经递质代谢,导致神经细胞损伤及神经功能损害方面给出了重要的线索。同时,他们通过对神经系统发育影响研究和基因组学手段,得出了PFOS会对后代学习记忆功能和脑的健康发育产生不良影响,并提出PFOS可能通过改变脑组织血氧平衡,影响中枢神经系统功能和发育过程的毒理学作用机制^[23-26]。
在PFOS对器官损伤机理方面,金一和教授课题组也做出了许多工作^[27-32]：提出PFOS的主要靶系统中还包括免疫系统,并用来解释PFOS染毒后,各脏器器官所呈现的功能下降的现象。
遗憾的是,金一和教授关于PFCs与生命系统相互作用机理的研究正在蒸蒸日上,他就离所热爱的事业而去。我们也只能以此文给金一和教授一生中最精彩的部分工作一个不完善的总结。金一和教授系统深入的研究成果为我国PFCs的分子毒理学研究奠定了坚实的基础,他颇具前瞻性的研究思想为后继者提供了启迪科研灵感的源泉。
     

缙云山银木荷(Schima argentea Pritz.ex Diels)林物种组成与多样性变化

定位研究了25a来缙云山银木荷林物种组成及多样性在自然演替过程中的动态变化。结果表明,银木荷林维管植物物种由57种(隶属于24科,46属)减少到38种(隶属于19科,26属)。林下草本和层间植物逐渐消失,胸径大于7.5cm的乔木层树总胸断面积有所减少。尽管群落物种组成以及多样性发生改变,但是银木荷依然是优势树种,处于林冠层,而林冠亚层的白毛新木姜子、四川山矾、长蕊杜鹃逐渐增多,短刺米槠逐渐减少。群落乔木层4个α多样性指数都呈下降趋势,丰富度指数由2.98下降为1.99,Shannon-Wiener指数25a间减小了0.34,Simpson指数和Pielou指数变化都很小;β多样性分析结果显示,银木荷群落的物种差异很大。研究表明,25a间群落物种差异显著。揭示缙云山银木荷林自然演替过程中的物种组成和多样性变化规律,可为缙云山保护区及长江流域中上游亚热带常绿阔叶林的银木荷群落的管理提供一定的参考价值。     

Theoretical and Empirical Analysis on Influence Factors of Modern Agricultural Equipment Level in the Processof Agricultural Sustainable Development

To promote modern agricultural equipment level is one characteristic of constructing and developing modern agriculture in China.This paper makes up stepwise linear regression analysis model of influence factors of modern agricultural equipment level,and chooses rural labor,per capita income of rural residents,rural investment,proportion of people at secondary education level and at higher level in per hundred rural labor force and arable land area as independent variables,and total power of machine as induced variable.The major results show that the relativity of modern agricultural equipment level,rural investment and education level of peasants is remarkable,and they are the major influence factors of modern agricultural equipment level.Raising investment level of rural infrastructure construction as well as and research and development and promotion of advanced and applicable modern agricultural equipment,improving quality and education level of peasants can accelerate the development of China’s modern agricultural equipment effectively in the process of agricultural sustainable development.     

Research of the Response of Ecosystem to LUCC in Miyun County, Beijing： Based on Ecosystem Services Valuation

Miyun County,located in the northeast of Chinese capital Beijing,was underwent remarkable variations in land use in recent years.This paper aimed to detect changes in land use of Miyun from 1997 to 2005,and to qualify the response of ecosystem to LUCC based on ecosystem services valuation.With two-periods TM images,we got land use change data,and then ecosystem services values were calculated using ecosystem services valuation coefficients proposed by Chinese scholar Xie Gaodi.Results showed that water area,farm land and unused land decreased while residential land,forest land,grassland and orchard land increased during the study period.The loss of ESV was RMB 206 million and the main reason was the decrease of water area and farm land area.As for spatial variation,there were most dramatically land use change and ESV decline in reservoir ecological protection region.The coefficient sensitivity analysis indicates that valuation coefficients used in the study are suitable and results are reasonable.The driving forces of ESV loss were rapid population growth and economic development.More work should be done to make eco-environment stay healthy.     

Atmospheric pollution in Beijing, China, as recorded in sediments of the Kunming Lake

The fluxes of heavy metals and magnetite, a fly-ash component, from coal burning, to sediments of the Kunming Lake in Beijing have increased measurably over the last fifty years. Ages were introduced to the sediment strata through Pb-210 geochronologies. Even with a doubling of coal usage by the year 2000, the anthropogenic metal fluxes will still be less than those recorded in metropolitan Tokyo and U.S. lakes.     

河流泥沙对石油的吸附、解吸规律及影响因素的研究

通过静态（搅拌）实验,研究了河流泥沙对石油乳化油的吸附、解吸和极限残留量变化的基本规律。泥沙对石油乳化油的吸附规律符合Langmuir-Freundlich等温式,吸附与解吸过程不可逆,在清水中不能完全解吸出来。吸附量与油浓度、沙浓度、沙粒径及溶液中的电解质（盐）浓度等因素有关。根据实验资料建立了吸附等温式、解吸方程、极限残留方程、以及吸附量和极限残留量随泥沙粒径的变化关系式。最后对溶液盐度对吸附的影响作了初步探讨。