中国环境监测总站未来十年发展构想

阐述了总站未来十年发展的指导思想、目标和原则,明确了总站未来十年发展的重点业务领域,介绍了实现构想的保证措施和重点建设项目。     

嵌套式静态采样箱的设计及其在稻田甲烷通量监测中的应用

通过总结得出温室气体静态采样箱设计的基本准则,并以洞庭湖不同湿地类型甲烷排放通量观测为出发点,设计了嵌套式采样箱。该采样箱的优势在于高度和体积可调节,运输和不使用时,顶箱可放入延长箱中不占体积;使用时,顶箱扣在延长箱上增大体积,采样箱高度随延长箱数量的变化而改变。稻田试验性观测发现,洞庭湖区4月早稻甲烷的平均排放通量为10.37mg/(m2·h)。结果表明,应用嵌套式静态采样箱开展湿地甲烷监测结果可靠。但采样操作需在40min内完成,以避免箱体内部环境变化引起甲烷排放不稳定。     

福建农业可持续发展的土地资源与环境分析

从农业用地和非农业用地两方面分析了福建省土地资源与环境的状况与潜力，提出了调整用地结构来促进农业可持续发展的思路。     

Dynamic pursuing ecological model concerning the nitrogen cycle in the environment of Chinese mainland

The paper gives a special dynamic pursuing ecological model on the bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen in the whole range 9.6 million square kilometers of Chinese mainland, basing on the reservoir-content and flux-rate of nitrogen and among the four spheres: atmosphere, pedosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, and the law of bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen, the model predicted the size of reservoir capacities and fluxes of nitrogen in each sphere. Through tested and verified, the model was proven reasonable and reliable.     

光助电催化降解偶氮染料酸性橙II的降解过程研究

使用自制的具有电催化活性和光催化活性TiO2改性的β-PbO2电极,研究了光助电催化氧化过程、电催化氧化过程和光催化氧化过程对于偶氮染料酸性橙II的降解.用紫外可见光谱和高效液相色谱分析了3种降解过程中不同的降解行为,对降解产物进行了FTIR和GC-MS分析.结果表明,单独电催化过程不同于其它2种过程,出现了醌类物质的大量累积;而在光助电催化氧化过程中,光催化氧化过程大大抑制了电催化氧化过程中累积的高毒性醌类物质.在2h内,光助电催化氧化过程是其它2种过程TOC去除率的1.56倍,产生了明显的协同作用.3种降解过程遵循相同的降解历程,都经历了产生醌类物质到低分子量有机酸的步骤.     

CO2SINK—From site characterisation and risk assessment to monitoring and verification: One year of operational experience with the field laboratory for CO2 storage at Ketzin, Germany

The CO₂SINK pilot project at Ketzin is aimed at a better understanding of geological CO₂ storage operation in a saline aquifer. The reservoir consists of fluvial deposits with average permeability ranging between 50 and 100 mDarcy. The main focus of CO₂SINK is developing and testing of monitoring and verification technologies. All wells, one for injection and two for observation, are equipped with smart casings (sensors behind casing, facing the rocks) containing a Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) and electrodes for Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). The in-hole Gas Membrane Sensors (GMS) observed the arrival of tracers and CO₂ with high temporal resolution. Geophysical monitoring includes Moving Source Profiling (MSP), Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP), crosshole, star and 4-D seismic experiments. Numerical models are benchmarked via the monitoring results indicating a sufficient match between observation and prediction, at least for the arrival of CO₂ at the first observation well. Downhole samples of brine showed changes in the fluid composition and biocenosis. First monitoring results indicate anisotropic flow of CO₂ coinciding with the “on-time” arrival of CO₂ at observation well one (Ktzi 200) and the later arrival at observation well two (Ktzi 202). A risk assessment was performed prior to the start of injection. After one year of operations about 18,000 t of CO₂ were injected safely.     

Monitoring of the microbial community composition in saline aquifers during CO2 storage by fluorescence in situ hybridisation

This study reveals the first analyses of the composition and activity of the microbial community of a saline CO₂ storage aquifer. Microbial monitoring during CO₂ injection has been reported. By using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), we have shown that the microbial community was strongly influenced by the CO₂ injection. Before CO₂ arrival, up to 6 × 10⁶ cells ml⁻¹ were detected by DAPI staining at a depth of 647 m below the surface. The microbial community was dominated by the domain Bacteria that represented approximately 60% to 90% of the total cell number, with Proteobacteria and Firmicutes as the most abundant phyla comprising up to 47% and 45% of the entire population, respectively. Both the total cell counts as well as the counts of the specific physiological groups revealed quantitative and qualitative changes after CO₂ arrival. Our study revealed temporal outcompetition of sulphate-reducing bacteria by methanogenic archaea. In addition, an enhanced activity of the microbial population after five months CO₂ storage indicated that the bacterial community was able to adapt to the extreme conditions of the deep biosphere and to the extreme changes of these atypical conditions.     

WTO对政府贸易与环境管理职能的影响

探讨了加入WTO对贸易与环境管理职能的影响，强调突破绿色壁垒，必须发挥政府宏观调控职能，规范和发展环境产业市场，发展生态产业和绿色贸易。