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51.
The minimization of pentachlorophenol (PCP) transport in the environment driven by industrial wastewater discharges can be accomplished by sorption in natural, available and low cost by-products like pine bark. Taking into account that PCP is a chemical which behaviour is highly dominated by the surrounding features, this work intended to evaluate the sorption kinetics and equilibrium parameters according to the pH and temperature as well as the pine bark particle size. The PCP uptake by pine bark showed to be faster in the initial phase followed by a slower process, being 24 h the suitably time to reach the sorption equilibrium in the range of pH studied. The neutral PCP species showed to have higher binding capacity to pine bark than the anionic PCP, which was reflected in a decrease in the distribution coefficient (Kd) of the linear sorption isotherm with the increase of solution pH from 2 to 7. On the other hand, between 10 degrees C and 35 degrees C, the temperature does not seem to play a significant role in the PCP sorption by pine bark, while the sorbent size is a key parameter to enhance the overall process. 相似文献
52.
Naser A. Anjum Iqbal Ahmad Sónia M. Rodrigues Bruno Henriques Nuno Cruz Cláudia Coelho Mário Pacheco Armando C. Duarte Eduarda Pereira 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(1):568-581
As plants constitute the foundation of the food chain, concerns have been raised about the possibility of toxic concentrations of metals and metalloids being transported from plants to the higher food chain strata. In this perspective, the use of important phytotoxicity endpoints may be of utmost significance in assessing the hazardous nature of metals and metalloids and also in developing ecological soil screening levels. The current study aimed to investigate the role of glutathione (GSH) and its associated enzymes in the metabolic adaptation of two grass species namely Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. and Lolium perenne L. to metals and metalloids stress in the vicinity of a chemical industrial complex (Estarreja, Portugal). Soil and plant samples were collected from contaminated (C) and non-contaminated (reference, R) sites, respectively, near and away from the Estarreja Chemical Complex, Portugal. Soils (from 0 to 10 and 10 to 20 cm depths) were analyzed for pH, organic carbon, and metals and metalloids concentrations. Plant samples were processed fresh for physiological and biochemical estimations, while oven-dried plant samples were used for metals and metalloids determinations following standard methodologies. Both soils and plants from the industrial area exhibited differential concentrations of major metals and metalloids including As, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn. In particular, L. perenne shoot displayed significantly higher and lower concentrations of Pb and As, respectively at contaminated site (vs. E. angustifolium). Irrespective of sites, L. perenne shoot exhibited significantly higher total GSH pool, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and oxidized protein (vs. E. angustifolium). Additionally, severe damages to photosynthetic pigments, proteins, cellular membrane integrity (in terms of electrolyte leakage), and lipid peroxidation were also perceptible in L. perenne shoot. Contrarily, irrespective of the sites, activities of catalase and GSH-regenerating enzyme, GSH reductase, and GSH-metabolizing enzymes such as GSH peroxidase and GSH sulfotransferase were significantly higher in shoot of E. angustifolium. Despite the higher total GSH content, L. perenne is vulnerable to multi-metals-induced stress in comparison to E. angustifolium as depicted by increased GSH- and protein oxidation, low reactive oxygen radical-processing potential (exhibited in terms of low catalase activity) and poor GSH pool utilization efficiency (in terms of lower GSH-associated enzymes activities). The outcome of the present study may be significant for understanding vital GSH-mediated metals and metalloids tolerance mechanisms in plants as well as their unsuitability for animal consumption due to higher metals and metalloids burdens. 相似文献
53.
Raihan Asif Begum Rawshan Ara Nizam Mohd Said Mohd Pereira Joy Jacqueline 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2022,29(3):477-507
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - This study empirically investigates the nexus among energy use, agricultural land expansion, deforestation, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Malaysia.... 相似文献
54.
El Rasafi Taoufik Pereira Ruth Pinto Glória Gonçalves Fernando J. M. Haddioui Abdelmajid Ksibi Mohamed Römbke Jörg Sousa José Paulo Marques Catarina R. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(13):15782-15793
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The contamination left by abandoned mines demands sustainable mitigation measures. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the phytoremediator... 相似文献
55.
Modeling biodiversity dynamics in countryside landscapes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The future of biodiversity hinges to a great extent on the conservation value of countryside, the growing fraction of Earth's surface heavily influenced by human activities. How many species, and which species, can persist in such landscapes (and analogous seascapes) are open questions. Here we explore two complementary theoretical frameworks to address these questions: species-area relationships and demographic models. We use the terrestrial mammal fauna of Central America to illustrate the application of both frameworks. We begin by proposing a multi-habitat species-area relationship, the countryside species-area relationship, to forecast species extinction rates. To apply it, we classify the mammal fauna by affinity to native and human-dominated habitats. We show how considering the conservation value of countryside habitats changes estimates derived from the classic species-area approach We also examine how the z value of the species-area relationship affects extinction estimates. Next, we present a framework for assessing the relative vulnerability of species to extinction in the countryside, based on the Skellam model of population dynamics. This model predicts the minimum area of contiguous native habitat required for persistence of a species, which we use as an indicator of vulnerability to habitat change. To apply the model, we use our habitat affinity classification of mammals and we estimate life-history parameters by species and habitat type. The resulting ranking of vulnerabilities is significantly correlated with the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List assessment. 相似文献
56.
Mateus Georgenes Magarotto Monica Ferreira da Costa José António Tenedório Carlos Pereira Silva 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2016,20(1):31-42
Coastal zones around the world have experienced urban growth in the last 50 years. This landscape change brings new aspects for those zones and the environment. Real estate speculation is a decisive factor that changes landscape, with urban growth that occurs both in the extent and volume of construction. Boa Viagem (BV) beach at Recife, Northeast Brazil was just a sand bar covered by an Atlantic Forest until middle of the 1800s. Today, it has turned into a busy area of the city where residences, services and commerce co-exist in a densely packed arrangement. This work demonstrates and analyses vertical growth in BV and urban changes from 1961 to 2011. It was developed using digital image processing and visual analysis of satellite imagery and aerial photos. A GIS was created using SPRING and ArcScene, to calculate variations in area and volume creating a Volumetric Index (VI). The Minimal Mapping Area was used in sixteen census tract as samples of the area. Occupation and vertical growth were especially accentuated from 1981 to 1996 with the peak at 2011. Increases in vertical growth from shore to inland are evident in all parts of the district. This finding was confirmed by three-dimensional GIS representations of the study area and the VI during the period of this work, showing the potential of 3D GIS models for studying dense urbanization areas in coastal zones. 相似文献
57.
58.
A. André S.C. Antunes F. Gonçalves R. Pereira 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(8-9):2368-2377
As part of the tier 2 of a site-specific risk assessment, this study was the first reporting an intensive in situ application of the bait-lamina assay; two exposure periods (7 and 14 days) were tested during four seasons in ten different sites, within a uranium mine area and at two different depths. The most contaminated sites (by deposition of sludge from the effluent treatment pond) were discriminated after 14 days of exposure because extremely low percentages of feeding activity were recorded. Previous sub-lethal ecotoxicological assays, already had demonstrated that the habitat function of these soils is compromised. Nevertheless, seasonality has proved to have a significant influence on responses. Thus to strength conclusions about the impact of contaminants, the in situ bait-lamina assay should be performed on different annual seasons, at least for temperate regions. It was also found that some environmental parameters (e.g. soil moisture and litter) can act as confounding factors in the bait-lamina assay. 相似文献
59.
60.
L. Pereira C. Bastos T. Tzanov A. Cavaco-Paulo G. M. Guebitz 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2005,3(2):66-69
A new strain of Trametes hirsuta was found to oxidize various cotton flavonoids. Here we show that laccases of this organism were responsible for oxidation
of the flavonoids morin, luteolin, rutin and quercetin. Out of two laccases produced by T. hirsuta (60.7 and 51.0 kDa) the more prominent 60.7 kDa laccase was purified and showed K
m and k
cat values of 75.5, 20.9 and 49.4 μM and 72.5, 96.3 and 32.7 s−1, hours on ABTS, syringaldazide and DMP, respectively. Pretreatment of cotton with the T. hirsuta laccase resulted in a whiteness increase of 8.5%. 相似文献