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201.
Mushtaq Ahmed Maria R.C. Schetinger João Batista T. Rocha Vera Maria Morsch Gul Majid Khan 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(6):1149-1157
This study examined the adverse effects of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) on electric eel (Electrophorus electricus) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and human serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Data show that TEMED inhibited AChE in electric eel as well as human serum BChE. Kinetic studies indicated that the inhibition produced by TEMED in both sources was of mixed type, i.e. Km increased and V max decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. KI (constant of ChE–substrate–TEMED complex into ChE–substrate complex and TEMED) was estimated to be 0.674 mM for electric eel and 0.024 mM for human serum BChE. The γKm (dissociation constant of ChE–substrate–TEMED complex into ChE–TEMED complex and substrate) was 0.083 and 0.2 mM for electric eel AChE and human serum BChE, respectively. The IC50 for electric eel and for human serum ChE was 1.57 and 0.043 mM, respectively. The present results suggest that TEMED produced adverse effects on electric eel and human serum via inhibition of ChE. 相似文献
202.
Mangroves forests are facing serious stresses which jeopardize their sustainability and their existence in Pakistan. Theses
coastal forests are found in the Indus delta in Sindh and the coastal areas of Sonmiani, Kalmat and Gawatar bay in Balochistan.
A significant reduction in the fresh water supply and increased marine water pollution in from industries as well as over
harvesting of mangroves and fishes by the local peoples, sedimentation, population stress and coastal erosion are usually
considered to be the immediate causes of mangrove loss in Pakistan. Various Projects have been under taken in the past and
in current scenario to conserve the resources of mangrove areas. Strong planning with the collaboration of the local institutes
at the grass-root levels will be helpful to strengthen their capacity and to achieve the targets easily, and they will also
help in achieving the conservation goals in a sustainable manner. It is predictable that large-scale plantation of this mangroves
species in these areas would increase the resources in coastal areas, resulting economic benefit to the local people. 相似文献
203.
Chin Wei Tan Kok Hong Tan Yit Thai Ong Abdul Rahman Mohamed Sharif Hussein Sharif Zein Soon Huat Tan 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2012,10(3):265-273
Energy and environment are major global issues inducing environmental pollution problems. Energy generation from conventional fossil fuels has been identified as the main culprit of environmental quality degradation and environmental pollution. In order to address these issues, nanotechnology plays an essential role in revolutionizing the device applications for energy conversion and storage, environmental monitoring, as well as green engineering of environmental friendly materials. Carbon nanotubes and their hybrid nanocomposites have received immense research attention for their potential applications in various fields due to their unique structural, electronic and mechanical properties. Here, we review the applications of carbon nanotubes (1) in energy conversion and storage such as in solar cells, fuel cells, hydrogen storage, lithium ion batteries and electrochemical supercapacitors, (2) in environmental monitoring and wastewater treatment for the detection and removal of gas pollutants, pathogens, dyes, heavy metals and pesticides and (3) in green nanocomposite design. Integration of carbon nanotubes in solar and fuel cells has increased the energy conversion efficiency of these energy conversion applications, which serve as the future sustainable energy sources. Carbon nanotubes doped with metal hydrides show high hydrogen storage capacity of around 6?wt% as a potential hydrogen storage medium. Carbon nanotubes nanocomposites have exhibited high energy capacity in lithium ion batteries and high specific capacitance in electrochemical supercapacitors, in addition to excellent cycle stability. High sensitivity and selectivity towards the detection of environmental pollutants are demonstrated by carbon nanotubes based sensors, as well as the anticipated potentials of carbon nanotubes as adsorbent to remove environmental pollutants, which show high adsorption capacity and good regeneration capability. Carbon nanotubes are employed as reinforcement material in green nanocomposites, which is advantageous in supplying the desired properties, in addition to the biodegradability. This article presents an overview of the advantages imparted by carbon nanotubes in electrochemical devices of energy applications and green nanocomposites, as well as nanosensor and adsorbent for environmental protection. 相似文献
204.
A 'livelihoods gap' has become evident in international aid delivery to Somalia. Existing aid interventions do not address the economic dynamics of vulnerability resulting from Somalia's long history of predatory development and asset stripping. To prevent poor households' regular return to sub-subsistence income levels after a brief period of plenty, this paper argues that aid agencies should reorient and expand existing interventions to assist poor households to capitalise on temporary improvements in environmental and security conditions. As a corollary to emergency relief and efforts to construct state institutions, it is necessary to devise country-wide interventions that will rebuild household asset bases by protecting savings during times of stress and ensuring that markets benefit poor producers. 相似文献
205.
206.
Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) is the most used herbicide worldwide. The degradation of 14C-labeled glyphosate was
studied under controlled laboratory conditions in three di erent agricultural soils: a silt clay loam, a clay loam and a sandy loam soil.
The kinetic and intensity of glyphosate degradation varied considerably over time within the same soil and among di erent types of
soil. Our results demonstrated that the mineralization rate of glyphosate was high at the beginning of incubation and then decreased
with time until the end of the experiment. The same kinetic was observed for the water extractable residues. The degradation of
glyphosate was rapid in the soil with low adsorption capacity (clay loam soil) with a short half-life of 4 days. However, the persistence
of glyphosate in high adsorption capacity soils increased, with half-live of 19 days for silt clay loam soil and 14.5 days for sandy
loam soil. HPLC analyses showed that the main metabolite of glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) was detected after
three days of incubation in the extracts of all three soils. Our results suggested that the possibility of contamination of groundwater by
glyphosate was high on a long-term period in soils with high adsorption capacity and low degrading activities and/or acid similar to
sandy loam soil. This risk might be faster but less sustainable in soil with low adsorption capacity and high degrading activity like the
clay loam soil. However, the release of non-extractable residues may increase the risk of contamination of groundwater regardless of
the type of soil. 相似文献
207.
Isolation of Cr(Ⅵ) reducing bacteria from industrial effluents and their potential use in bioremediation of chromium containing wastewater 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The present study is aimed at assessing the ability of Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 and Staphylococcus capitis to reduce hexavalent chromium into its trivalent form.Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 could tolerate Cr(Ⅵ) (4800 μg/mL) and S.capitis could tolerate Cr(Ⅵ) (2800 μg/mL).Both organisms were able to resist Cd2+ (50 μg/mL),Cu2+ (200 μg/mL),Pb2+ (800 μg/mL),Hg2+ (50 μg/mL) and Ni2+ (4000 μg/mL).S.capitis resisted Zn2+ at 700 μg/mL while Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 only showed resistance up to 50 μg/mL.Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 and S.capitis showed optimum growth at pH 6 and 7,respectively,while both bacteria showed optimum growth at 37℃.Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 and S.capitis could reduce 85% and 81% of hexavalent chromium from the medium after 96 h and were also capable of reducing hexavalent chromium 86% and 89%,respectively,from the industrial effluents after 144 h.Cell free extracts of Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 and S.capitis showed reduction of 83% and 70% at concentration of 10 μg Cr(Ⅵ)/mL,respectively.The presence of an induced protein having molecular weight around 25 kDa in the presence of chromium points out a possible role of this protein in chromium reduction.The bacterial isolates can be exploited for bioremediation of hexavalent chromium containing wastes,since they seem to have the potential to reduce the toxic hexavalent form to its nontoxic trivalent form. 相似文献
208.
Wan Syaheedah Wan Ghazali Siti Amrah Sulaiman Aniza Abdul Aziz Harmy Mohamed Yusoff 《毒物与环境化学》2015,97(8):1017-1024
Free radicals induced by cigarette smoking have been linked to an increase in oxidative stress resulting in smoking-related cardiovascular diseases. However, the possible effect of honey that has antioxidant property in improving oxidative stress status among smokers has not yet been reported. Hence, this study was to determine the effects of 12-week Tualang honey supplementation on F2-isoprostanes, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and total antioxidant status among chronic smokers. A total of 32 non-smokers and 64 chronic smokers were recruited from Quit Smoking Clinic and Health Campus, Universiti Sains, Malaysia. Smokers were randomized into two groups (n = 32/group) namely smokers without supplementation and smokers with honey supplementation (20 g/day) for 12 weeks. Blood was obtained from non-smokers and smokers at pre-intervention and from smokers at post-intervention. During pre-intervention, the levels/activity of F2-isoprostanes, total antioxidant status, and catalase were significantly higher while superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were lower in smokers than non-smokers. During post-intervention, in supplemented smokers, there were significant decrease in F2-isoprostanes and increase in total antioxidant status, glutathione peroxidase and catalase levels/activities compared with pre-intervention. This study indicates that honey supplementation improves oxidative stress status suggesting a beneficial role of honey in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. 相似文献
209.
Shehu Usman Adam Mad Nasir Shamsudin Shaufique F. Sidique Khalid Abdul Rahim Alias Radam 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(10):1804-1826
The growing popularity of privatized solid waste management service in least developed countries warrants an exploration of factors that are likely to impact on its sustainability. This study takes integrated solid waste management approach by analyzing relevant issues on both market sides. We use a three step theme development sequence to analyze the data obtained on service providers through library research, observations and interviews. This was followed by an opinion survey on the demand side to elicit households’ support for service improvement. Findings show that source-separation issues, government enforcement, market segmentation, financial issues and waste disposal issues are key factors influencing improved service provision. Meanwhile, on the demand side, we found that households are willing to support proposed regulatory improvement in service provision. Thus, we suggest industrial stakeholders to consider the aforementioned supply side issues in designing future service improvements that will take advantage of existing demand side feasibility. 相似文献
210.
Fuzzy AHP approach for prioritizing electronic waste management options: a case study of Tehran,Iran
Khoshand Afshin Rahimi Kian Ehteshami Majid Gharaei Shayan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(10):9649-9660
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Electronic waste (E-waste) can be considered as challenging solid waste streams especially in some developing countries, including Iran. Several... 相似文献