Achievement motive and entrepreneurial orientation: a structural analysis

In this study we have attempted to assess the achievement motive of students of small business, considered as having high entrepreneurial orientations, and students of business and economics, considered as having lower entrepreneurial orientations. Based on a facet definition of achievement motive we analyzed the structure of achievement motive for both samples. As hypothesized, results reflected the three facets of achievement motive: type of confrontation, time perspective related to task performance, and behavior modality. As hypothesized, small business students were found to score higher than their business and economics colleagues on most of the achievement items. Considerable differences between the samples were found on four achievement components: the readiness to face uncertainty, calculating risk, undertaking personal responsibility, and solving problems. The discussion focused on the advantages of the multifaceted approach to achievement motive and implications for assessing it in various settings. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Does the potency of economic globalization and political instability reshape renewable energy usage in the face of environmental degradation?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Since renewable energy is essentially non-carbohydrate in nature, it can generate little or no pollutants and can therefore help in achieving both...     

In-nest environment modulates nestmate recognition in the ant<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Camponotus fellah</Emphasis>

Multiple behavioral and chemical studies indicate that ant nestmate recognition cues are low-volatile substances, in particular hydrocarbons (HCs) located on the cuticular surface. We tested the hypothesis that in the ant Camponotus fellah, nest environment, in particular nest volatile odors, can modulate nestmate-recognition-mediated aggression. Workers were individually confined within their own nest in small cages having either a single mesh (SM = limited physical contact permitted) or a double mesh (DM = exposed to nest volatiles only) screen. Individual workers completely isolated outside their nest (CI) served as control. When reintroduced into a group of 50 nestmates, the CI workers were attacked as alien ants after only 2 weeks of separation, whereas the SM workers were treated as nestmates even after 2 months of separation. Aggression towards DM ants depended on the period of isolation. Only DM workers isolated for over 2 months were aggressed by their nestmates, which did not significantly differ from the CI nestmates. Cuticular HC analyses revealed that the profile of the non-isolated ants (NI) was clearly distinct from that of CI, SM and DM ants. Profile differences matched the aggressive response in the case of CI ants but were uncorrelated in the case of SM or DM ants. This suggests that keeping the ants within the nest environment affected nestmate recognition in additional ways than merely altering their HC profile. Nest environment thus appears to affect label–template mismatch by modulating aggressive behavior, as well as the direction at which cuticular HCs diverged during the separation period.     

Rapid acquisition of antipredatory responses to new predators by an insular lizard

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology - Pre-copulatory sexual cannibalism (Pre-SC), where females attack and consume courting males, is considered an extreme case of sexual conflict. Different...