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271.
Sediment deposition is known to affect the structure of marine rocky-bottom communities, but its specific effects on some
key organisms, such as sponges, remain poorly investigated. In a 125-day field experiment involving different treatments of
exposure to sediment deposition, we investigated survival of asexually produced recruits of the sublittoral demosponge Scopalina lophyropoda, a model organism suitable to understand similar processes in other sponges. A total of 660 explants obtained from 11 non-clonal
sponges (explant donors) were distributed on 30 experimental plates. Each donor sponge contributed two clonal explants per
plate, one settled under a roof at a silt-protected position and the other at a silt-exposed position. Plates were installed
at the rocky walls of the natural community, also at the pillars of a local harbor where the sponge does not occur naturally.
A 3-way ANOVA testing for differences in explant longevity as a function of explant donor, exposure to sediment, and habitat
detected that longevity was affected by both an undetermined genetic condition of the explant donor and exposure to silt.
Silt-protected explants lived longer than silt-exposed explants. A significant “Silt-exposure × Habitat” interaction detected
that silt-exposed explants lived shorter within the harbor than in the natural community, suggesting that harbor silt, which
was notably finer, is more deleterious. Inspection of daily mortality rates revealed that the detrimental effects of silt
were very evident during the first 20 days in treatments and irrespective of habitat. Then, mortality rates progressively
decreased, reaching negligible values in all 4 sponge groups by day 65. At this stage, an undetermined mortality factor other
than purely sediment deposition reactivated mortality in all 4 sponge groups, but it affected more intensely the sponges in
the harbor, irrespective of being protected from or exposed to sediment deposition. All together, the results of our field
experiment suggest that sediment loads are a major mortality factor among small sponge individuals in sublittoral rocky communities.
Because a significant “donor factor” suggests an unidentified “genetic component” to be involved in the ability to cope with
sediment, natural or man-driven processes increasing coastal sediment deposition are susceptible to induce changes not only
in the abundance but also the genetic structure of the sponge populations in the long term. 相似文献
272.
An evaluation of the link between climate and population dynamics requires understanding of climate effects both within and across generations. In ectothermic vertebrates, demographic responses to climate changes should crucially depend on balancing needs for heat and water. Here, we studied how temperature and rainfall regimes experienced before and during adulthood influenced reproductive performances (litter size, offspring size, and survival) in a natural population of the live-bearing common lizard, Lacerta vivipara, monitored continuously from 1989 to 2004. Rainfall regime, but not temperature, had both immediate and delayed effects on these reproductive performances. Rainfall during the first month of life was positively correlated with juvenile survival. Females experiencing more rainfall during gestation produced smaller neonates that showed greater survival when controlling for the positive effect of body size on survival. Furthermore, females that experienced heavier rainfall when in utero produced fewer but longer neonates during adulthood. These demographic effects of rainfall on adult reproductive traits may come from maternal effects of climate conditions and/or from delayed effects of rainfall on the environment experienced early in life. Irrespective of the precise mechanism, however, this study provides evidence of intergenerational climate effects in natural populations of an ectothermic vertebrate. 相似文献
273.
Fernando Veloso-Gomes Ana Barroco Ana Ramos Pereira Carlos Sousa Reis Helena Calado João Gomes Ferreira Maria Da Conceição Freitas Manuel Biscoito 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2008,12(1):3-9
This paper includes the proposals made in the report “Basis for a National Strategy for Coastal Zone Management” prepared
for the Portuguese Ministry of Environment, Territorial Planning and Regional Development. The final version of that report
was presented in June 2006. This paper describes a theme framework followed by a discussion of concepts. Nine Primary Principles,
eight Principal Objectives, and 37 Strategic Options for an Integrated Coastal Zone Management are then presented. These Strategic
Options are set hierarchically according to their sequential priority, identifying the dominant types of Associated Measures.
The analysis of these arrives at a set of Structural Measures, which interlink and aggregate various actions and propose a
new method of integrated management for the coastal zone, which includes the “Legal Basis of Coastal Zone”; the Organization
System; the Action Plan and Monitoring. 相似文献
274.
Gitea Manuel Alexandru Gitea Daniela Tit Delia Mirela Purza Lavinia Samuel Alina Dora Bungău Simona Badea Gabriela Elena Aleya Lotfi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(10):9908-9915
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The authors analyzed certain species and varieties of fruit tree in which applied crop technology is used and also undergoes the effects of climate... 相似文献
275.
Othmani Amina Kesraoui Aida Akrout Hanene López-Mesas Montserrat Seffen Mongi Valiente Manuel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(25):25969-25984
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper suggests a new alternative for the acceleration of dye removal by adopting alternating current instead of direct current in the treatment... 相似文献
276.
Raquel Requejo Manuel Tena 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(18):10574-10582
The response of maize (Zea mays L.) to inorganic arsenic exposure was studied, at the seedling stage under hydroponic conditions, preliminarily in sixteen lines (fourteen hybrids and two inbred lines) and then, more deeply, in six of these lines, selected by showing contrasting differences in their sensitivity to the metalloid. The results indicated that (i) maize is rather tolerant to arsenic toxicity, (ii) arsenite is more phytotoxic than arsenate, (iii) roots are less sensitive than shoots to the metalloid, (iv) a great accumulation of non-protein thiols (probably phytochelatins), without substantial effect on the glutathione content, is produced in roots but not in shoots of arsenic-exposed plants and (v) maize is able to accumulate high levels of arsenic in roots with very low translocation to shoots. The study, thus, suggests that maize, for its very low rate of acropetal transport of arsenic from roots to shoots, may be a safe crop in relation to the risk of entry of metalloid in the food chain and, for being an important bioenergy crop capable of expressing high levels of arsenic tolerance and accumulation in roots, may represent an interesting opportunity for the exploitation of agricultural useless arsenic contaminated lands. 相似文献
277.
Fernández-Guisuraga José Manuel Castro Amaya Alves Célia Calvo Ana Alonso-Blanco Elisabeth Blanco-Alegre Carlos Rocha Alfredo Fraile Roberto 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(17):17171-17182
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study provides an analysis of the spatial distribution and trends of NO, NO2 and O3 concentrations in Portugal between 1995 and 2010.... 相似文献
278.
Climate change effects are expected to be more severe for some segments of society than others. In Mexico, climate variability associated with climate change has important socio-economic and environmental impacts. From the central mountainous region of eastern Veracruz, Mexico, we analyzed data of total annual precipitation and mean annual temperature from 26 meteorological stations (1922–2008) and from General Circulation Models. We developed climate change scenarios based on the observed trends with projections to 2025, 2050, 2075, and 2100, finding considerable local climate changes with reductions in precipitation of over 700 mm and increases in temperature of ~9°C for the year 2100. Deforested areas located at windward were considered more vulnerable, representing potential risk for natural environments, local communities, and the main crops cultivated (sugarcane, coffee, and corn). Socio-economic vulnerability is exacerbated in areas where temperature increases and precipitation decreases.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-015-0690-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献279.
Characterization of spent AA household alkaline batteries 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The aim of this work is identification of the structural components of actual domestic spent alkaline AA batteries, as well as quantification of some of their characteristics. Weight, humidity, ash content, zinc and zinc oxide on anode, manganese on cathode and other metals, potassium hydroxide on the internal components and heating values for papers, anode and cathode were determined in several batteries. As expected, cathode, anode and the steel can container are the main contributors to the 23.5 g average weight of the batteries. Cathode is also the major contributor to the positive heating value of the batteries as well as to the heavy metals content. Mercury was detected in very low levels in these mercury-free batteries. Zinc and zinc oxide amounts in the anodes are highly variable. Results obtained were compared to information on alkaline batteries in the literature from 1993 to 1995; and a positive evolution in their manufacture is readily apparent. Data from the producer of batteries shows some small discrepancies relative to the results of this experimental work. 相似文献
280.
Sebastian Hermann Manuel Welsch Rebecka Ericsdotter Segerstrom Mark I. Howells Charles Young Thomas Alfstad Hans‐Holger Rogner Pasquale Steduto 《Natural resources forum》2012,36(4):245-262
This paper discusses climate, land, energy and water (CLEW) interactions in Burkina Faso. It shows that integrated assessments of resource use at the national level can provide important insights and benefits, especially for a resource constrained least developed country. Agricultural policy is shown to have strong implications for energy use, whereas energy policies are found to be strongly interrelated with water constraints. Without an integrated and coordinated approach, strategy and policy formulation efforts to increase energy, food and water security could become both incoherent and counter‐productive. 相似文献