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371.
Manuel H Johnson Frederick W Bell James T Bennett 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》1980,7(3):256-271
This study updates and expands the empirical analysis of natural resource scarcity published in 1963 by Harold Barnett and Chandler Morse (“Scarcity and Growth: The Economics of Natural Resource Availability,” Johns Hopkins Press). Unit extraction costs are measured for all extractive products, four major subgroups (agriculture, minerals, forestry, and fishing), and selected individual commodities. The efficacy of the unit cost measure of resource scarcity is addressed and a critique of alternative scarcity indicators is provided. Unit cost appears to be the most practical scarcity index because there are adequate checks against its theoretical shortcomings and data are readily available which contain fewer deficiencies than other indexes. On the basis of the Barnett and Morse definition of relative scarcity, the empirical evidence does not support the need for public actions justified solely on the basis of increasing resource scarcity. 相似文献
372.
373.
Félix-Valenzuela Leticia Molina-Chavarria Alejandro Enríquez-Hernández Carmen Itzé Bolado-Martínez Enrique Durazo-Arvizu María de los Ángeles Dórame-Castillo Roberto Cano-Rangel Manuel Alberto Mata-Haro Verónica 《Food and environmental virology》2020,12(4):355-360
Food and Environmental Virology - Norovirus (NoV) is an important etiological agent of diarrhea in children and adults. In Mexico, NoV screening is not routinely performed. NoV is highly infectious... 相似文献
374.
The sequential extraction procedures described by Tessier et al., McGrath and Cegarra, and Gimeno-García et al. were compared
to investigate trace element (As, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) partitioning patterns and extraction efficiency in three contaminated
soils from Mediterranean regions of Spain. Soils were selected from Onda (Castellón) (S1), Aznalcóllar (Sevilla) (S2), and
Silla (Valencia) (S3). S1 was a soil contaminated with Pb and Zn after dumping of wastes from the manufacture of ceramic tiles,
S2 was polluted accidentally with a highly acid and As-concentrated sludge from mining activities, and S3 was a soil with
a high Cr content from tannery sludge disposal. Trace element distribution in the soils—soluble, exchangeable, organically
bound, precipitated with carbonates, bound to iron and manganese oxides, and precipitated with sulfides fractions—varied significantly
according to the extraction procedure used. In addition, different extraction efficiencies were found for the three sequential
extraction procedures compared. Finally, the trace elements studied showed different and specific distribution patterns between
the various soil fractions examined. 相似文献
375.
376.
It is predicted that climate change will drive extinctions of some reptiles and that the number of these extinctions will depend on whether reptiles are able to change their distribution. Whether the latitudinal distribution of reptiles may change in response to increases in temperature is unknown. We used data on reptile distributions collected during the 20th century to analyze whether changes in the distributions of reptiles in Spain are associated with increases in temperature. We controlled for biases in sampling effort and found a mean, statistically significant, northward shift of the northern extent of reptile distributions of about 15.2 km from 1940-1975 to 1991-2005. The southern extent of the distributions did not change significantly. Thus, our results suggest that the latitudinal distributions of reptiles may be changing in response to climate change. 相似文献
377.
Pilar Castellanos Manuel M. Reglero Milagros C. Esteso María R. Fernández-Santos José J. Garde 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(6):1163-1175
The sperm quality and several parameters associated with oxidative stress were evaluated in ram (Ovis aries) spermatozoa suspensions incubated with 0, 50 or 500 ng/mL Pb during 0, 1, 3 or 6 h. The presence of Pb during incubation, reduced the integrity of the acrosome, % sperm motility and integrity, and the functionality of membrane. On the contrary, % polyunsaturated fatty acids and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the spermatozoa suspensions were not affected by Pb. Moreover, glutathione peroxidase activity was decreased and the fatty acid composition changed due to the relative increase in % stearic acid during the incubation time independently on Pb presence. Data showed that several effects of Pb on sperm quality usually observed in vivo also occurred in vitro, but without any relationship with oxidative stress biomarkers. 相似文献
378.
César Megina Manuel M. González-Duarte Pablo J. López-González Stefano Piraino 《Marine Biology》2013,160(2):371-381
Sessile hydrozoans constitute a common component of marine rocky communities. We compared the hydrozoan assemblages occurring on sea-walls of commercial harbours with those on natural rocky cliffs along the southern Iberian Peninsula, to identify differences in the multivariate structure of the assemblages and species richness. Harbour hydroid assemblages significantly differed from natural ones mainly due to their qualitative composition. Medusa-less taxa, optimized for low dispersal and long-term persistence on the substratum, are barely represented in harbours, but abundant at natural sites. “Port species” assemblages were composed of (1) small, short-living species with typical opportunistic characteristics; (2) cosmopolitan large-size taxa, significantly represented both in harbours and in natural habitats; (3) non-indigenous species. Contrarily to the expected lower richness of communities in confined areas, our results demonstrate that richness of hydroid assemblages in harbours is comparable to that of natural habitats. 相似文献
379.
A ‘coastal-hazard GIS’ for Sri Lanka 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Jean-François Desprats Manuel Garcin Nishanta Attanayake Rodrigo Pedreros Cheer Siriwardana Mélanie Fontaine Starin Fernando Udaya De Silva 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2010,14(1):21-31
Following the 2004 tsunami disaster in Sri Lanka, it was apparent that mapping the coast’s vulnerability was essential for
future protection of the local populations. We therefore developed a prototype ‘Coastal-hazard GIS’ for Sri Lanka so as to
provide an effective tool for decision makers to limit the impact of natural coastal hazards such as sea level rise, tsunamis,
storm surges and coastal erosion, and thus protect the exposed assets (population, property, settlements, communications networks,
etc.). The prototype was developed on a pilot site in Galle through building up homogeneous data on the land/sea interface
from studies conducted on the exposure of the coastal populations, the aim being to enable an evaluation of the hazards combined
with the vulnerability and thus an analysis of the risks. Coastal risk scenarios are developed so as to estimate the impacts
and consequences of an event (tsunami, storm, etc.) on the assets, the principle behind this being that if, in general, the
coastal hazard cannot be decreased, then a better knowledge of it through simulation should make it possible to limit the
vulnerability and thus the risk. The Coastal-hazard GIS will also provide a planning tool in terms of locating new settlements,
expanding urban areas, siting coastal protection works, etc. 相似文献
380.
A microcosm test for potential mineralization of chlorinated compounds under coupled aerobic/anaerobic conditions 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In this study, the feasibility of using a mineralization test under coupled aerobic/anaerobic conditions was demonstrated. The coupling of anaerobic methanogenic and aerobic methanotrophic conditions in a microcosm required the presence of both a carbon source for anaerobic metabolism and oxygen for aerobic metabolism. These requirements were fulfilled by using a slow hydrolyzing organic matter along with intermittent addition of oxygen to the bottle headspace. Perchloroethylene (PCE) mineralization tests confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed methodology as well as PCE mineralization under coupled conditions. 相似文献