Treatment of phosphorus waste water using crystallization method

Phosphorus is the restrictive factor of water eutrophication and phosphorus removal is the key point to control this phenomenon. It's also important to recover phosphorus resource from wastewater. Crystallization method was used to treat and recycle high concentration phosphorus wastewater, the selection of organic solvent, influence of volume ratio of organic solvent and wastewater, precipitation time and stirring speed on the production of crystal and its structure was investigated. Experimental results indicate that, with ethanol as extractant, under the condition of volume ratio of ethanol to wastewater being 1.5:1 and stirring speed about 200 r/min, crystal precipitated fast with fine crystal shape and purity, phosphorus removal efficiency more than 85% was obtained.     

成都粘土去除垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的实验研究

文章以成都粘土作为氨氮吸附剂,通过单因素探讨了用土量、搅拌速度、搅拌时间、pH和静置时间5个因素对氨氮去除率的影响。研究表明,在用土量m=50 g/L,pH=8.0的条件下,以r=100 r/min搅拌40 min,并静置24 h后,粘土对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的去除率可达到23.97%,粘土单位氨氮吸附率为7.14 mg/g。实验表明,粘土可有效去除垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮,更便于生化法在后续处理中的应用,将其与生化法、矿物吸附法等物理方法组合使用,能更好地处理垃圾渗滤液。     

微波辅助萃取-气相色谱法检测裙带菜中的多氯联苯和有机氯农药残留

建立微波辅助萃取-气相色谱法同时检测裙带菜中多氯联苯和有机氯农药残留的方法.裙带菜风干、粉碎后,采用微波辅助萃取仪提取粗提液,经净化、脱酸、脱水、浓缩后,用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器进行分析检测.结果表明,本方法多氯联苯和有机氯农药的检出限分别在0.008—0.044 ng.g-1和0.029—0.273 ng.g-1之间,各组分线性相关系数均大于0.996,加标回收率为72%—131%,相对标准偏差在2%—16%之间(n=3).因此,本方法具有节省时间、减少污染、操作简单便捷等特点,可用于裙带菜等海洋藻类中多氯联苯和有机氯农药残留量的检测.     

开关型高压电网故障限流装置研制

针对日趋严重的电网短路电流超标问题,采用基于爆炸式快速开断载流桥体的大容量高速开关装置(Fast Switching Release,FSR)与限流电抗器一体技术研制了“节能型限流装置”,并在宁夏220 kV步桥变电站成功运行;基于高速大遮断容量真空断路器技术、短路电流快速识别技术、相控技术与限流电抗器相结合研制了“330 kV 开关型零损耗电网限流装置”,并在宁夏330 kV迎安I线成功进行2次短路试验。现场运行及试验结果表明:2种开关型高压电网故障限流装置从根本上解决了电网故障限流技术实用化中面临的安全性、可靠性以及经济性等关键问题,标志着电网故障限流技术取得了一个突破性的进展。     

低温条件下苯酚降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性

在15℃低温的条件下,从本溪钢铁集团公司焦化厂曝气池活性污泥中分离、筛选得到1株高效苯酚降解菌,即Bb-2,它对起始质量浓度为400 mg·L-1的苯酚降解率为74.8%.经形态观察和生理生化实验,初步鉴定为假单胞菌属.该菌株能在4～40℃的温度条件下生长繁殖,因此为耐冷菌.当醋酸钠和葡萄糖作为第二碳源存在时,促进了低温下Bb-2对苯酚的生物降解.采用反应动力学方程拟合其降解过程,初始苯酚质量浓度较低时,遵循Monod方程;初始质量浓度较高时,其降解过程以基质抑制型的Haldane方程为主.     

丙烯腈诱导的氧化应激对大鼠肝脏内质网应激信号通路的影响

为探讨丙烯腈(acrylonitrile,ACN)诱导的大鼠肝脏氧化损伤对内质网应激(endoplasmic reticulum stress,ERS)信号通路的影响,我们将50只SPF级成年雄性SD大鼠按体重随机分为5组,每组10只。各组分别以12.5、25.0、50.0 mg·kg~(-1)ACN灌胃染毒,N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)干预组先用300.0 mg·kg~(-1)NAC灌胃30 min后再灌50.0 mg·kg~(-1)ACN,对照组以0.5 mL·(100 g)~(-1)的玉米油灌胃,1次·天~(-1),6天·周~(-1),共计13周。染毒结束后,检测肝脏组织氧化还原酶活力及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,GRP78、CHOP及caspase-12 mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果显示:低、中ACN组大鼠肝脏GSH含量显著低于对照组(P0.05);低ACN组大鼠肝脏GSH-Px活力、SOD活力及MDA含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05);中、高ACN组大鼠肝脏CAT活力明显低于对照组(P0.05)。NAC干预后可逆转ACN诱导的大鼠肝脏GSH含量、MDA含量及SOD活力的变化。RT-PCR结果显示,高ACN组大鼠肝脏GRP78、CHOP、caspase-12 mRNA表达水平与对照组比较均升高(P0.05)。NAC干预后,CHOP、caspase-12 mRNA表达水平与高ACN组比较均降低(P0.05)。Western Blot结果显示,高ACN组大鼠肝脏GRP78、CHOP、caspase-12蛋白表达水平与对照组比较均升高(P0.05),NAC干预后可逆转以上作用。结果表明,ACN慢性染毒对大鼠肝脏的氧化损伤可激活ERS信号通路,NAC可减轻氧化损伤的程度而阻断ERS信号通路,这可能是ACN产生肝脏毒性的机制之一。     

万佛山丹霞风景区旅游资源开发刍议

本文初步分析了万佛山丹霞风景区旅游资源的特征和旅游开发条件,并对其旅游资源开发提出了五条建议     

Bioenergy production from chicken manure: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Adopting waste-to-wealth strategies and circular economy models can help reduce biowaste and add value. For instance, poultry farming is an essential source of...     

The distribution and availability of phosphorus fractions in restored cut slopes soil aggregates: a case study of subalpine road,Southwest China

● There was no significant difference in soil aggregates TP along altitude gradient. ● Overall, PAC dropped steadily as aggregate size increased. ● In soil aggregate sizes, TPi > TPo > R-P at 3009,3347 and 3654 m except 3980 m. ● Active NaHCO₃-Pi was the main AP source. ● Proportion of small aggregate sizes was emphasized to increase AP storage. The distribution and availability of phosphorus (P) fractions in restored cut slope soil aggregates, along altitude gradients, were analyzed. Samples were collected at 3009, 3347, 3654 and 3980 m of altitude. We examined soil aggregates total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP) and phosphorus activation coefficient (PAC), and discovered that there was no significant difference in TP levels between all four altitudes samples (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in AP at 3009, 3347 and 3980 m of altitude (p < 0.05). At the altitudes of 3009, 3347 and 3654 m, the AP accumulation in small size aggregates was more advantageous. Overall, PAC dropped steadily as soil aggregates sizes increased, as shown: PAC (3654 m) > PAC (3347 m) > PAC (3009 m) > PAC (3980 m). In all particle size soil aggregates, the distribution of the P fractions was as follows: total inorganic phosphorus (TPi) > total organic phosphorus (TPo) > residual phosphorus (R-P), at 3009, 3347 and 3654 m, but a different registry was observed at 3980 m of altitude: TPo > TPi > R-P. Through correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis, it was concluded that active NaHCO₃-Pi was the main AP source. It was also suggested that more attention should be given to the ratio of small particle size aggregates to increase soil AP storage. In order to improve the activation capacity and supply of soil P, along with promotion of the healthy development of soil ecosystem on slope land, it was suggest that inorganic P fertilizer and P activator could be added to soil at both low (3009 m) and high altitudes (3980 m).     

大气二氧化硫浓度的光学测定方法

介绍了测定二氧化硫浓度的几种光学方法 ,指出了目前一些化学方法的局限性 ,特别对紫外荧光法的原理、二氧化硫的吸收光谱以及荧光光谱进行分析探讨 ,设计了实验分析系统 ,得出该方法具有操作简单、灵敏度高、可实时在线的智能化优点 ,将会成为今后研究的主导方向。